{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:25:55Z","timestamp":1789748755651,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,24]],"date-time":"2016-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461456000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,24]],"date-time":"2016-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000990","name":"Australian Catholic University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000990","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Soc Care Community"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,24]],"date-time":"2016-04-24T21:23:40Z","timestamp":1461533020000},"page":"e15-e30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["The impact of transitional programmes on post-transition outcomes for youth leaving out-of-home care: a meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Heerde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Learning Sciences Institute Australia; Australian Catholic University; Fitzroy Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheryl A.","family":"Hemphill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Learning Sciences Institute Australia; Australian Catholic University; Fitzroy Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsty E.","family":"Scholes-Balog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Learning Sciences Institute Australia; Australian Catholic University; Fitzroy Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0001|hsc12348-cit-0001","volume-title":"Child Protection Australia 2006-2007, AIHW Cat No CWS 21","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0002|hsc12348-cit-0002","volume-title":"Child Protection Australian 2010-11","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0003|hsc12348-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2009.10.011","article-title":"An examination of theory and promising practice for achieving permanency for teens before they age out of foster care","volume":"32","author":"Avery","year":"2010","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0004|hsc12348-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2008.03.009","article-title":"You're all grown up now: termination of foster care support at age 18","volume":"32","author":"Avery","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0005|hsc12348-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-007-0657-5","article-title":"The psychosocial profile of adolescent risk of homelessness","volume":"17","author":"Bearsley-Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0006|hsc12348-cit-0006","volume-title":"Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2.2.064)","author":"BioStat","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0007|hsc12348-cit-0007","volume-title":"Out-of-home care in Australia: Messages from Research","author":"Bromfield","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0008|hsc12348-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2010.07.002","article-title":"Homelessness prevention for\u00a0former foster youth: utilization of transitional housing programs","volume":"32","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0009|hsc12348-cit-0009","volume-title":"Systematic Reviews: CRD's Guidance for Undertaking Reviews in Health Care","author":"Centre for Reviews and Dissemination","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0010|hsc12348-cit-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/17450128.2011.564226","article-title":"Services and outcomes for transition-age foster care youth: youths\u2019 perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Collins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0011|hsc12348-cit-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-7409(94)90007-8","article-title":"Are we helping foster care youth prepare for their future?","volume":"16","author":"Cook","year":"1994","journal-title":"Child and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0012|hsc12348-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2206.2006.00433.x","article-title":"Early outcomes for young adults transitioning from out-of-home care in the USA","volume":"11","author":"Courtney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child and Family Social Work"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0013|hsc12348-cit-0013","first-page":"685","article-title":"Foster youth transitions to adulthood: a longitudinal view of youth leaving care","volume":"80","author":"Courtney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Welfare"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0014|hsc12348-cit-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2007.04.006","article-title":"Resilience of youth in transition from out-of-home care to adulthood","volume":"29","author":"Daining","year":"2007","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0015|hsc12348-cit-0015","volume-title":"Transitioning from Out of Home Care to Independence: A National Priority under the National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children 2009-2020","author":"Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0016|hsc12348-cit-0016","volume-title":"Protecting Children is Everyone's Business: National framework for Protecting Australia's Children 2009-2020, Second Three-Year Action Plan (2012-2015)","author":"Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0017|hsc12348-cit-0017","volume-title":"Young People Leaving Care: A Study of Costs and Outcomes","author":"Dixon","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0018|hsc12348-cit-0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005558.pub2","article-title":"Independent living programmes for improving outcomes for young people leaving the care system","author":"Donkoh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0019|hsc12348-cit-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10560-008-0162-9","article-title":"Affect regulation of homeless youth once in the welfare system","volume":"26","author":"Duval","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0020|hsc12348-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.142547","article-title":"Pathways to and from homelessness and associated psychosocial outcomes among adolescents leaving the foster care system","volume":"99","author":"Fowler","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0021|hsc12348-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s10560-005-0020-y","article-title":"A multi-outcome evaluation of an independent living program","volume":"22","author":"Georgiades","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0100|hsc12348-cit-0100","first-page":"35","article-title":"Associations between leaving out-of-home care and post-transition youth homelessness: A review","volume":"32","author":"Heerde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Developing Practice"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0200|hsc12348-cit-0200","first-page":"25","article-title":"Research review: Associations between leaving out-of-home care, post-transition support, and psychosocial outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Heerde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parity"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0300|hsc12348-cit-0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heerde J.A. Hemphill S.A. 2015 Sexual risk behaviors, sexual offences, and sexual victimization among homeless youth: A systematic review of associations with substance use. Trauma, Violence and Abuse 10.1177\/1524838015584371","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838015584371"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0400|hsc12348-cit-0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0375-2","article-title":"Associations between youth homelessness, sexual offences, sexual victimization and sexual risk behaviors: A systematic literature review","volume":"44","author":"Heerde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0022|hsc12348-cit-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2005.02.001","article-title":"From home to street: understanding young people's transitions into homelessness","volume":"28","author":"Hyde","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0023|hsc12348-cit-0023","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improving housing outcomes for young people leaving state out of home care","volume":"117","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"AHURI Positioning Paper"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0024|hsc12348-cit-0024","first-page":"7","article-title":"The educational experiences of former foster youth three years after discharge","volume":"89","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Welfare"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0025|hsc12348-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/0886571X.2011.541843","article-title":"The impact of transitional housing on the post-discharge functioning of former foster youth","volume":"28","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Residential Treatment for Children & Youth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0026|hsc12348-cit-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2006.03.002","article-title":"Coping and suicidality among homeless youth","volume":"30","author":"Kidd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0027|hsc12348-cit-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2010.11.001","article-title":"Living arrangements and level of care among clients discharged from a scattered site housing-based independent living program","volume":"33","author":"Kroner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0028|hsc12348-cit-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2004.09.005","article-title":"From foster care to young adulthood: the role of independent living programs in supporting successful transitions","volume":"27","author":"Lemon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0029|hsc12348-cit-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2005.03.006","article-title":"Employment experiences of homeless young adults: are they different for youth with a history of foster care?","volume":"28","author":"Lenz-Rashid","year":"2006","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0030|hsc12348-cit-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-7409(99)00028-6","article-title":"The North Carolina Independent Living Program: a comparison of outcomes for participants and nonparticipants","volume":"21","author":"Lindsey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0031|hsc12348-cit-0031","volume-title":"Practical Meta-Analysis","author":"Lipsey","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0032|hsc12348-cit-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1017\/S1035077200011226","article-title":"Transitioning from (and with) care: the next steps","volume":"31","author":"London","year":"2006","journal-title":"Children Australia"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0033|hsc12348-cit-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1017\/S1035077200011779","article-title":"National leaving care survey and research study","volume":"32","author":"London","year":"2007","journal-title":"Children Australia"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0034|hsc12348-cit-0034","first-page":"1","article-title":"Callous-unemotional traits as markers for conduct problem severity in early childhood: a meta-analysis","volume":"000","author":"Longman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry & Human Development"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0035|hsc12348-cit-0035","first-page":"61","article-title":"After care, then where? Outcomes of an Independent Living Program","volume":"77","author":"Mallon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Child Welfare"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0036|hsc12348-cit-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10560-010-0191-z","article-title":"An assessment of independent living needs among emancipating foster youth","volume":"27","author":"Mares","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0037|hsc12348-cit-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2011.04.028","article-title":"Lighthouse Independent Living Program: predictors of client outcomes at discharge","volume":"33","author":"Mares","year":"2011","journal-title":"Children & Youth Services Review"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0038|hsc12348-cit-0038","first-page":"51","article-title":"Leaving care services in Victoria: a case study","volume":"3","author":"Mendes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Developing Practice: The Child, Youth and Family Work Journal"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0039|hsc12348-cit-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1300\/J185v04n01_04","article-title":"From state care to independence: a comparison of the Australian and American leaving care debates","volume":"4","author":"Mendes","year":"2005a","journal-title":"The Social Policy Journal"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0040|hsc12348-cit-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/1468017305054970","article-title":"Graduating from the Child Welfare System: a care study of the leaving care debate in Victoria, Australia","volume":"5","author":"Mendes","year":"2005b","journal-title":"Journal of Social Work"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0041|hsc12348-cit-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0042|hsc12348-cit-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-120006736","article-title":"Gender differences in HIVrisk behaviors among young injectors and their social network members","volume":"28","author":"Montgomery","year":"2002","journal-title":"The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0043|hsc12348-cit-0043","first-page":"385","article-title":"Outcomes for a transitional living program serving LGBTQ youth in New York City","volume":"85","author":"Nolan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Welfare"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0044|hsc12348-cit-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2006.00597.x","article-title":"Analyzing multiple informant data from an evaluation of the health disparities collaboratives","volume":"42","author":"O'Malley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Services Research"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0045|hsc12348-cit-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1353\/foc.0.0047","article-title":"Vulnerable populations and the transition to adulthood","volume":"20","author":"Osgood","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Future of Children"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0046|hsc12348-cit-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2206.2006.00429.x","article-title":"Assessing the educational achievements of adults who were formerly placed in family foster care","volume":"11","author":"Pecora","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child and Family Social Work"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0047|hsc12348-cit-0047","volume-title":"Investing for Success: The Economics of Supporting Young People Leaving Care","author":"Raman","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0048|hsc12348-cit-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731503257883","article-title":"Evaluating a transitional living program for homeless, former foster care youth","volume":"14","author":"Rashid","year":"2004","journal-title":"Research on Social Work Practice"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0049|hsc12348-cit-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.3.638","article-title":"The \u201cfile drawer problem\u201d and tolerance for null results","volume":"86","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0050|hsc12348-cit-0050","volume-title":"Introduction to Longitudinal Research","author":"Ruspini","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0051|hsc12348-cit-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01876737","article-title":"Independent living programs: do they make a difference?","volume":"12","author":"Scannapieco","year":"1995","journal-title":"Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0052|hsc12348-cit-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1080\/10852350902735601","article-title":"Preventing homelessness: an examination of the Transition Resource Action Center","volume":"37","author":"Senteio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0053|hsc12348-cit-0053","volume-title":"Using Multivariate Statistics","author":"Tabachnick","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0054|hsc12348-cit-0054","volume-title":"Out-of-home Care","author":"United States Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0055|hsc12348-cit-0055","volume-title":"The Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System Report","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1111\/hsc.12348-BIB0056|hsc12348-cit-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3102\/1076998609346961","article-title":"How many studies do you need? A primer on statistical power for meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Valentine","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics"}],"container-title":["Health & Social Care in the Community"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fhsc.12348","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fhsc.12348","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1111\/hsc.12348\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T11:45:44Z","timestamp":1672314344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hsc.12348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,24]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hsc.12348","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0966-0410"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0966-0410","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,24]]}}}