{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T11:29:36Z","timestamp":1774265376718,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,20]],"date-time":"2013-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intern J of Cosmetic Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Synopsis<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Natural moisturizing factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMF<\/jats:styled-content>) serves as the primary humectant of the stratum corneum (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content>), principally comprised of hygroscopic amino acids and derivatives that absorb moisture. Barrier disruption has been shown to differentially affect the levels of specific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMF<\/jats:styled-content> components, though the kinetics of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMF<\/jats:styled-content> component restoration following disruption have not been examined. Here, we investigated the impact of barrier disruption caused by surfactant exposure on a subset of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMF<\/jats:styled-content> components immediately following exposure and out to 10\u00a0days post\u2010exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Volunteers wore patches containing either 1% w\/v sodium lauryl sulphate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLS<\/jats:styled-content>) or distilled water on their forearms for 24\u00a0h. Measurements of transepidermal water loss, erythema, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> water content and a subset of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC NMF<\/jats:styled-content> and lipid components were obtained at both sites before treatment, the day of patch removal, and 1, 2, 3, 6, and 10\u00a0days following treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most measured NMF components decreased in response to SLS exposure. Exceptions were increases in lactate, ornithine and urea, and no difference in proline levels. In the days following exposure, reduced levels of several NMF components continued at the SLS site; however, all measured NMF components demonstrated equivalence to the vehicle control within 10\u00a0days. Histidine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> 7, lactate, ornithine and urea were the first to achieve levels equivalent to the vehicle control site, normalizing within 1\u00a0day after patch removal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results imply that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMF<\/jats:styled-content> components derived from sweat and urea cycling are least impacted by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLS<\/jats:styled-content> exposure whereas <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMF<\/jats:styled-content> components derived from degradation of filaggrin and\/or other S\u2010100 proteins are most impacted. This implies the restoration of the processes responsible for S\u2010100 protein processing into free amino acids takes several days to return to normal. Further examination of the enzymes involved in S\u2010100 protein processing following barrier disruption would provide insight into the pathway(s) for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMF<\/jats:styled-content> restoration during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]],"date-time":"2013-10-24T06:53:45Z","timestamp":1382597625000},"page":"93-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Immediate and extended effects of sodium lauryl sulphate exposure on stratum corneum natural moisturizing factor"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"D. R.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kimberly\u2010Clark Corporation 2100 Winchester Road Neenah WI 54956 U.S.A"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. 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