{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:19:42Z","timestamp":1790036382590,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,29]],"date-time":"2015-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intern J of Cosmetic Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Synopsis<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic> is ubiquitous in nature and thus occurs naturally in a wide range of raw materials and foodstuffs. <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0cereus<\/jats:italic> spores are resistant to desiccation and heat and able to survive dry storage and cooking. Vegetative cells produce several toxins which on ingestion in sufficient numbers can cause vomiting and\/or diarrhoea depending on the toxins produced. Gastrointestinal disease is commonly associated with reheated or inadequately cooked foods. In addition to being a rare cause of several acute infections (e.g. pneumonia and septicaemia), <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0cereus<\/jats:italic> can also cause localized infection of post\u2010surgical or trauma wounds and is a rare but significant pathogen of the eye where it may result in severe endophthalmitis often leading to loss of vision. Key risk factors in such cases are trauma to the eye and retained contaminated intraocular foreign bodies. In addition, rare cases of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0cereus<\/jats:italic>\u2010associated keratitis (inflammation of the cornea) have been linked to contact lens use. <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic> is therefore a microbial contaminant that could adversely affect product safety of cosmetic and facial toiletries and pose a threat to the user if other key risk factors are also present. The infective dose in the human eye is unknown, but as few as 100\u00a0cfu has been reported to initiate infection in a susceptible animal model. However, we are not aware of any reports in the literature of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0cereus<\/jats:italic> infections in any body site linked with use of personal care products. Low levels of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0cereus<\/jats:italic> spores may on occasion be present in near\u2010eye cosmetics, and these products have been used by consumers for many years. In addition, exposure to <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0cereus<\/jats:italic> is more likely to occur through other routes (e.g. dustborne contamination) due to its ubiquity and resistance properties of spores. The organism has been recovered from the eyes of healthy individuals. Therefore, although there may be a perceived hazard, the risk of severe eye infections as a consequence of exposure through contaminated near\u2010eye cosmetics is judged to be vanishingly small. It is unlikely that more stringent microbiological standards for near\u2010eye cosmetics will have any impact on the risk of severe eye infections caused by <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0cereus<\/jats:italic>, as these are not linked to use of personal care products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]],"date-time":"2014-12-09T02:26:56Z","timestamp":1418092016000},"page":"165-174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["<i>Bacillus cereus<\/i> in personal care products: risk to consumers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"T. L.","family":"Pitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"712 Kenton Lane Harrow Middlesex HA3 6AB UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"McClure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre Unilever Colworth Science Park Sharnbrook Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. D.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre Unilever Colworth Science Park Sharnbrook Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Am\u00e9zquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre Unilever Colworth Science Park Sharnbrook Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"McClure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre Unilever Colworth Science Park Sharnbrook Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/9781420003321-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2008.00475.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2010.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-1545"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501719"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/508845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6778"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-6553(95)90272-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6458.1584"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-63.8.1113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Does international harmonization of the USP microbial limits test require re\u2010validation of finished product tests?","volume":"15","author":"Sutton S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Valid. Technol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555816728.ch24","volume-title":"Manual of Clinical Microbiology","author":"Logan N.A.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"What is an \u201cobjectionable organism\u201d?","volume":"15","author":"Sutton S.V.W.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. Pharmaceut. Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"Principles and Guidelines for the Application of Microbiological Risk Assessment, GL\u201030","author":"CAC","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"114","volume-title":"Foodborne Pathogens: Hazards, Risk Analysis and Control","author":"Ross T.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00073-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.030627-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"303","article-title":"Genomics of the Bacillus cereus group of organisms","volume":"29","author":"Rasko D.A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2007.01495.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2012.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"20","volume-title":"Microorganisms in Foods, 5. Microbiological Specifications of Food Pathogens","author":"International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF)","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"437","article-title":"Study on the survival of Bacillus cereus in media simulating the human stomach environment","volume":"70","author":"Berthold\u2010Pluta A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2010.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.4.1615-1622.2000","article-title":"Genetic structure of population of Bacillus cereus and B. thuringiensis isolates associated with peridonitis and other human infections","volume":"38","author":"Helagson E.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765x.2000.00729.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.23.7959-7970.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.11.6613-6623.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm213"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00561-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07582.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2011-0362-SAIR.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.9.5269-5276.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680600850963"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-47.2.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09583150801942334"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsre.2004.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.30.3.381-395.1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/666334"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-1072-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2008.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.7.2280-2284.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91621-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(87)92553-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","first-page":"1233","article-title":"Outbreak of cutaneous Bacillus cereus infections among cadets in a university military program, Georgia","volume":"54","author":"Arnold K.","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","first-page":"489","article-title":"Zur Aetiologie der Panophthalmie nach Verletzung durch Fremdk\u00f6rper","volume":"8","author":"Poplawska S.","year":"1890","journal-title":"Fortschr. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1965.00970040093022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Microbiology of the Eye","author":"Locatcher\u2010Khorazo D.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.6.4.324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.78.7.577"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","first-page":"681","article-title":"Results in the management of Bacillus endophthalmitis","volume":"22","author":"Vahey J.B.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00762-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(88)90185-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00723-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2008.00112.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins5061119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3357","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3357-3366.1999","article-title":"Role of hemolysin BL in the pathogenesis of extraintestinal Bacillus cereus infections as assessed in an endophthalmitis model","volume":"67","author":"Callegan M.C.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3348-3356.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)00269-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680802344690"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Microbiological contamination of raw materials and cosmetic products","volume":"47","author":"Obrebska K.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Postepi. Mikrobiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09603120903254025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1212.11087"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2011.00648.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012373944-5.00142-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/w02-063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-68.12.2614"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Progress in Food Safety (Proceedings of Symposium)","author":"Gilbert R.J.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-69.1.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400042790"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/9781420003321-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2010.00619.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.2005.00267.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2003.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja902291v"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2010.04741.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(98)00105-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2003.tb01060.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1605(95)00053-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","unstructured":"Sylla Y. Faille C.andBenezech T.Removal kinetics of Bacillus cereus biofilms from food equipment cleaned in place. Available at:www.icef11.org\/content\/papers\/hdo\/HDO1271.pdf accessed 12 November 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3839\/jksabc.2010.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.18.20165-en","article-title":"Possible contamination of organ preservation fluid with Bacillus cereus: the United Kingdom response","volume":"17","author":"Brown C.S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Euro. Surveill."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4530.2001.tb00549.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2001.01456.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2005.01963.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibiod.2011.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0964-8305(97)00037-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","volume-title":"The SCCS's Notes of Guidance for the Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and their Safety Evaluation","author":"SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety)","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2008.01501.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","first-page":"143","volume-title":"CFTA Microbiology Guidelines","author":"Krowka J.F.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(75)90798-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2008.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5731\/pdajpst.2011.00793"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cosmetic Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fics.12191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ics.12191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T04:20:59Z","timestamp":1696306859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ics.12191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,29]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ics.12191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ics.12191","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0142-5463","1468-2494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0142-5463","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,29]]}}}