{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T15:02:09Z","timestamp":1789830129810,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]],"date-time":"2015-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intern J of Cosmetic Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Synopsis<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>A novel microwave\u2010assisted dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MADLLME<\/jats:styled-content>) technique according to the solidification of a floating organic droplet (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SFO<\/jats:styled-content>) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFAAS<\/jats:styled-content>) used for the extraction and determination of lead ions in lipsticks and hair dyes made in different countries. Lipstick and hair dye samples of different brands and colours were collected from local market in Kermanshah, Iran.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>After sample treatment with microwave\u2010assisted acid digestion, an appropriate mixture of acetone, 1\u2010undecanol and diethyl dithiophosphoric acid was injected rapidly into the aqueous sample containing lead ions, and as a result, cloudy mixture was formed. After centrifugation, the test tube was cooled for few minutes. The solidified 1\u2010undecanol on top of the solution was transferred into a suitable vial and injected into the analytical instrument.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Under the optimum experimental conditions (extraction solvent: 30\u00a0\u03bcL of 1\u2010undecanol; disperser solvent: 500\u00a0\u03bcL of acetone; ligand concentration: 0.15% (v\/v); <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>: ~1.5 and without salt added), the enhancement factor of 96 was obtained. The calibration graphs were linear in the range of 0.3\u201350\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> with a correlation coefficient (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) more than 0.995. The detection limit was 0.1\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Consequently, the developed method was successfully applied to extract and determine lead ions in the lipsticks and hair dyes, and favourable results were obtained. The proposed method which applied in cosmetics showed excellent relative recoveries (90\u2013109.7%) with relative standard deviations &lt;8.3% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03) for all samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study revealed that the concentration of lead found in lipsticks and hair dyes on the Kermanshah market is far below the recommended limits as applied in Germany (20\u00a0mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and Canada (10\u00a0mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and confirmed that very low levels of lead are technically available in the final cosmetic products.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,19]],"date-time":"2015-03-19T08:08:51Z","timestamp":1426752531000},"page":"489-495","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Trace determination of lead in lipsticks and hair dyes using microwave\u2010assisted dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Sharafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering Department Public Health School Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran"},{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering Department Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Fattahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering Department Public Health School Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran"},{"name":"Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH) Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Pirsaheb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering Department Public Health School Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran"},{"name":"Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH) Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Yarmohamadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering Department Public Health School Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fazlzadeh Davil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Engineering Department Ardabil University of Medical Sciences Ardabil Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2012.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2011.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.11.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6941"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2008.10.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2009.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"405","article-title":"Determination of total lead in lipstick: development and validation of a microwave\u2010assisted digestion, inductively coupled plasma\u2013mass spectrometric method","volume":"60","author":"Hepp N.M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"A simple closed\u2010vessel nitric acid digestion method for cosmetic samples","volume":"19","author":"Besecker K.D.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Atom. Spectros."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.10.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sab.2009.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2005.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2006.09.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b204367j"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.03.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9601270"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sab.2008.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13738-013-0294-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.01.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2006.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2008.09.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2007.04.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2010.02.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2007.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2012.05.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2008.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2012.11.047"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cosmetic Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fics.12221","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ics.12221","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T15:41:22Z","timestamp":1696347682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ics.12221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ics.12221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ics.12221","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0142-5463","1468-2494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0142-5463","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]]}}}