{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:57:33Z","timestamp":1791669453879,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]],"date-time":"2015-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intern J of Cosmetic Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Synopsis<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The skin melanin system is affected by ageing, resulting in dyspigmentation with associated clinical and psychosocial consequences. In dark skinned phenotypes, broad evidence is available, whereas little is known about pigmentary changes in fair\u2010skinned Caucasians. The objective of this study was to investigate age\u2010related changes in facial pigmentation and dyspigmentation in subjects of skin phototypes <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> and to develop and test parameters for quantifying dyspigmentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010four skin healthy female subjects were recruited in three distinct age groups (30\u201340, 50\u201360, 70\u201380\u00a0years). Skin colour was measured by Mexameter and Chromameter. Skin dyspigmentation was measured by clinical evaluation and newly developed image\u2010processing parameters on the cheeks and the forehead. The reliability of the clinical evaluation was investigated by intraclass correlation coefficients between three raters, and the validity of the dyspigmentation parameters was analysed by bivariate correlations with related measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skin lightness decreased with increasing age. Clinical dyspigmentation scores showed positive associations with chronological age ranging between 0.452 and 0.606. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBX<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\u2010Brown transformation\u2010based hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation indices increased with age, whereas the overall pigmentation intensity decreased with age at the cheeks. The image analysis\u2010based parameters showed strong associations with the clinical scores and related measurements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrated age\u2010related changes in the facial colour and dyspigmentation of fair\u2010skinned Caucasian females. An increase in dyspigmentation was found by clinical scoring and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBX<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\u2010Brown transformation\u2010based pigmentation indices. The validity of hyper\u2010 and hypopigmentation indices and overall pigmentation intensity was supported. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBX<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> transformation\u2010based pigmentation indices might be applied in future studies to complement or substitute clinical evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,21]],"date-time":"2015-04-21T06:22:53Z","timestamp":1429597373000},"page":"542-549","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Quantifying dyspigmentation in facial skin ageing: an explorative study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Dobos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Trojahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lichterfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"D\u2032Alessandro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canfield Scientific 253 Passaic Avenue Fairfield NJ 07004 U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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