{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T17:22:48Z","timestamp":1790443368531,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,30]],"date-time":"2015-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["A103017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A103017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intern J of Cosmetic Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Synopsis<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the anti\u2010acne properties of phloretin <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anti\u2010microbial activity against <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ropionibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0acnes), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ropionibacterium granulosum (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0granulosum)<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>taphylococcus epidermidis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0epidermidis)<\/jats:italic> were observed by the minimum inhibitory concentration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>) and disc diffusion methods. The anti\u2010inflammatory effects were studied in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content> cells based on <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0acnes\u2010<\/jats:italic>induced inflammatory mediators, including <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COX<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, examined through enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>) and luciferase reporter gene assay. Thirty healthy subjects with whiteheads participated in the clinical study. Comedo counting, and the amount of sebum and porphyrin were measured before treatment and following 4 consecutive weeks of treatment with phloretin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phloretin showed anti\u2010microbial activities against <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0acnes<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0granulosum<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0epidermidis<\/jats:italic> with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content> of 0.5, 0.5 and 0.25\u00a0mg\u00a0mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively. <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0acnes<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced activation of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COX<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 promoter was markedly attenuated by phloretin treatment. Consistent with these results, inhibition of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> production was also observed. In 1\u2010month, <jats:italic>placebo<\/jats:italic>\u2010controlled trials, phloretin showed clinically and statistically significant reduction of comedo counts and sebum output level. Compared to before treatment, whiteheads, blackheads, papules, sebum output level and amount of sebum and porphyrin were significantly decreased at 4\u00a0weeks in the test group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study revealed that phloretin inhibits the growth of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0acnes<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0granulosum<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0epidermidis<\/jats:italic>. In addition, we demonstrated that phloretin attenuates <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COX<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> expression during the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0acnes\u2010<\/jats:italic>induced upregulation of inflammatory signalling. Clinical studies further suggested that treatment with formulations containing phloretin confers anti\u2010acne benefits. Based on these results, we suggest that phloretin may be introduced as a possible acne\u2010mitigating agent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,24]],"date-time":"2015-07-24T05:25:26Z","timestamp":1437715526000},"page":"85-92","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Evaluation of anti\u2010acne properties of phloretin <i>in\u00a0vitro<\/i> and <i>in\u00a0vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Kum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biospectrum Life Science Institute Sangdaewon\u2010Dong Seongnam City 442\u201013 Gyeonggi Do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.\u2010B.","family":"Roh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biospectrum Life Science Institute Sangdaewon\u2010Dong Seongnam City 442\u201013 Gyeonggi Do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biospectrum Life Science Institute Sangdaewon\u2010Dong Seongnam City 442\u201013 Gyeonggi Do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biospectrum Life Science Institute Sangdaewon\u2010Dong Seongnam City 442\u201013 Gyeonggi Do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biospectrum Life Science Institute Sangdaewon\u2010Dong Seongnam City 442\u201013 Gyeonggi Do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5594-4645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biospectrum Life Science Institute Sangdaewon\u2010Dong Seongnam City 442\u201013 Gyeonggi Do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)00618-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.21.1.381"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"3949","article-title":"Chalcones: structural requirements for antioxidant, estrogenic and antiproliferative activities","volume":"21","author":"Calliste C.A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg449"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2010.506573"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2010.04677.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200800575"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3158","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.8.3158-3165.1995","article-title":"Introduction of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines by a soluble factor of Propionibacerium acnes: implications for chronic inflammatory acne","volume":"63","author":"Vowels B.R.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(02)00013-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Antibody response to crude cell lysate of Propionibacterium acnes and induction of pro inflammatory cytokines in patients with acne and normal healthy subjects","volume":"42","author":"Basal E.","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(79)70001-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"20005","volume-title":"CTFA Safety Testing Guideline","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.294.5548.1871"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.207449"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"562","article-title":"Porphyrin metabolisms in human skin commensal Propionibacterium acnes bacteria: potential application to monitor human radiation risk","volume":"20","author":"Shu M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-20-1-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)01701-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.48984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11597880-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Modern age of acne therapy","volume":"68","author":"Susan V.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mt. Sinai J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.1.3.9364"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-014-0063-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.292"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.2007.00378.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-013-3015-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2008.06526.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5455\/jmp.20130127102901","article-title":"Oxidative stress in acne vulgaris: an important therapeutic target","volume":"2","author":"Ahmed S.S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mol. Pathophysiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021971"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2435700"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2009.00360.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06530.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1986.tb04060.x"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cosmetic Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fics.12263","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ics.12263","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T17:01:11Z","timestamp":1696352471000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ics.12263"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,30]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ics.12263"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ics.12263","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0142-5463","1468-2494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0142-5463","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,30]]}}}