{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T04:06:02Z","timestamp":1789877162628,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]],"date-time":"2017-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intern J of Cosmetic Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surfactants are major ingredients of body soaps and cleansers, and such harsh ones have been demonstrated to damage the skin. Stratum corneum (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content>), the outermost barrier of the skin layer, is rich in intercellular lipids. This lipid structure can be disrupted by surfactants, impairing the barrier function of the skin. Thus, we investigated the surfactant\u2010induced disruption of the intercellular lipid structure of human <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> at the molecular level using synchrotron X\u2010ray diffraction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> samples from the breast of female Caucasians were treated with sodium dodecyl sulphate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDS<\/jats:styled-content>) and analysed by small\u2010angle and wide\u2010angle X\u2010ray diffraction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that an aqueous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDS<\/jats:styled-content> solution affected the long lamellar structure, which became disorganized. The final disordered lipid state was reached through two or more types of structural change. We propose that the disordered lipid state results from incorporation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDS<\/jats:styled-content> into the long lamellar structure. In contrast, the lattice constants in the short lamellar and the hydrocarbon\u2010chain packing structures remained almost unchanged after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDS<\/jats:styled-content> treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conclude that the disruption of the long lamellar structure plays a key role in the damage to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> caused by detergents. To our knowledge, this is the first report to clarify the details of the disorganization of the intercellular lipid structure upon surfactant application. The knowledge obtained herein may allow the development of skin restoration methods and cleanser products that do not affect skin barrier functions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]],"date-time":"2017-09-18T16:02:47Z","timestamp":1505750567000},"page":"44-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Disruption of human stratum corneum lipid structure by sodium dodecyl sulphate"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0875-7986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Yanase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kracie Home Products 134 Goudocho, Hodogaya\u2010ku Yokohama 240\u20100005 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Hatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagoya Industrial Science Research Institute 1\u201013 Yotsuyadori Chikusa\u2010ku Nagoya Aichi 464\u20100819 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12365467"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"219","article-title":"Correlation between surfactant\u2010induced ultrastructural changes in epidermis and transepidermal water loss","volume":"48","author":"Misra M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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