{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:10:41Z","timestamp":1777579841555,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,14]],"date-time":"2017-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000038","name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intern J of Cosmetic Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pathogenic contamination of cosmetics intended to be applied on or around the eye area, including make\u2010up removers, may lead to severe eye infections. To assess the efficacy of antimicrobial preservatives in these products, we investigated the survival and detection of <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic> F 4227A spiked into make\u2010up removers, alone and in the presence of other relevant micro\u2010organisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four brands of make\u2010up removers, A, B, C and D, were challenged three times (day 0, day 7 and day 14) using <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>, in pure and mixed cultures, at a final concentration of 5 log <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content> per mL of <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic> or 6 log <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content> per mL for other micro\u2010organisms. Inoculated samples were diluted and spiral\u2010plated after 30 min and 24 h of each challenge onto selective media for recovery of surviving micro\u2010organisms: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BACARA<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>), MacConkey (<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>), Chrom<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XLT<\/jats:styled-content>4 (<jats:italic>S. enteritidis<\/jats:italic>), Baird Parker agar (<jats:italic>Staph. aureus<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDA<\/jats:styled-content>+chlortetracycline <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCL<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The population of <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic> spiked as a pure culture increased significantly from the first to the third challenge after 30\u2010min exposure time, going from 0.73 to 2.59 in A, from 0.80 to 2.69 in B and from 0.80 to 1.67 log <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content> per mL in C (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Likewise, the <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic> population from the mixed cultures had a significantly higher survival count at the third challenge: from 0.12 log <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPN<\/jats:styled-content> per mL to 2.16 log <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content> per mL in A, 0.57 to 2.27 log <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content> per mL in B and from undetected (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOD<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.48 log <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPN<\/jats:styled-content>) to 0.98 log <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content> per mL in C, respectively. After challenges, <jats:italic>Staph. aureus<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> C. albicans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> increased in B; <jats:italic>Staph. aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> in C; and <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Staph<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic> in D. The growth of other bacteria types was unaffected by the number of challenges, but <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic> population was detected with the third challenge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is appropriate to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of preservatives using at least three challenges, especially for cosmetics that are subjected to repetitive contamination by users.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,14]],"date-time":"2017-10-14T08:16:37Z","timestamp":1507968997000},"page":"67-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Survival and detection of <i>Bacillus cereus<\/i> in the presence of <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>,<i> Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i> and <i>Candida albicans<\/i> after rechallenge in make\u2010up removers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2323-047X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Yossa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Oak Ridge 1299 Bethel Valley Rd Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA"},{"name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration Office of Regulatory Science 5001 Campus Dr College Park MD 20740 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Oak Ridge 1299 Bethel Valley Rd Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA"},{"name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration Office of Regulatory Science 5001 Campus Dr College Park MD 20740 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Smiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Oak Ridge 1299 Bethel Valley Rd Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA"},{"name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration Office of Regulatory Science 5001 Campus Dr College Park MD 20740 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.\u2010C.","family":"Jo Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration Office of Cosmetics and Colors 5001 Campus Dr College Park MD 20740 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration Office of Analytics and Outreach 5001 Campus Dr College Park MD 20740 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration Office of Regulatory Science 5001 Campus Dr College Park MD 20740 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Tallent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration Office of Regulatory Science 5001 Campus Dr College Park MD 20740 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration Office of Regulatory Science 5001 Campus Dr College Park MD 20740 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Hammack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration Office of Regulatory Science 5001 Campus Dr College Park MD 20740 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics3010003","article-title":"Microbiologically contaminated and over\u2010preserved cosmetic products according Rapex 2008\u20132014","volume":"3","author":"Neza E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-63.8.1113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00073-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"A study of the use of rechallenge in preservation in testing of cosmetics","volume":"13","author":"Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CTFA)","year":"1981","journal-title":"CFTA, Cos. 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