{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T08:37:29Z","timestamp":1791016649202,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intern J of Cosmetic Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gel nail polishes represent an advanced class of nail polishes, with the ability to cure under ultraviolet (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>) radiation, and consequently demonstrate improved properties and greater durability compared to conventional nail polishes. Most gel nail polishes available today are based on petrochemical resources, making them unsustainable. Bio\u2010based materials are excellent renewable resources, with high potential for meeting final\u2010product performance, cost, and environmental needs. In addition, bio\u2010based materials can be modified to make them amenable to being cured by advanced Light Emitting Diode (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LED<\/jats:styled-content>) resources that consume low energy and are safer for human exposure compared to conventional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010mercury lamps. Consumer preference for use of products made from bio\u2010based sources has been clearly growing.<\/jats:p><jats:p>On the other hand, according to the U.S. Department of Energy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DOE<\/jats:styled-content>) technology roadmap, a considerable amount of basic chemical building blocks should be derived from plant\u2010based renewable materials in near future. However, to the best of our knowledge, bio\u2010based nail products have not been sufficiently explored. Therefore, to keep pace with environmental regulations and consumer preference, there is an unmet opportunity to develop novel, sustainable nail gel polishes with considerable bio\u2010renewable content.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In this study, two sustainable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LED<\/jats:styled-content> curable gel nail polish prototypes\u2013one high\u2010solids zero\u2010volatile organic content (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VOC<\/jats:styled-content>) and the other waterborne, both with considerable bio\u2010renewable content, were designed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both formulations were cured under both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010mercury and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LED<\/jats:styled-content> radiation sources in order to evaluate their curing efficiency under a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LED<\/jats:styled-content> source. Also, their performance was compared with a commercial petro\u2010based benchmark.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The high\u2010solids formulation demonstrated promising performance, exceeding that of the benchmark in opacity, chemical properties, gloss, and pendulum hardness, while the waterborne formulation met most of the desirable requirements with some significant technical benefits, including low odour and higher renewable raw material content.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These novel gel nail polishes are greener alternatives to the current products in the market with high potential for promising consumer acceptance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T01:06:59Z","timestamp":1539133619000},"page":"555-564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["\u201cGreen\u201d <scp>UV<\/scp>\u2010<scp>LED<\/scp> gel nail polishes from bio\u2010based materials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8853-2866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Forough","family":"Zareanshahraki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coatings Research Institute Eastern Michigan University Ypsilanti MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Mannari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coatings Research Institute Eastern Michigan University Ypsilanti MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"U.S.: Usage of nail polish\/nail care products 2011\u20102020 | Statistic [Internet]. Statista. [cited 2018 May 25]. Available from:https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/286905\/usage-nail-polish-nail-care-products-us-trend\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Chang P.\u2010M. Chang C.\u2010H.andChang Y.\u2010C.Nail lacquer composition with hyposensitivity [Internet]. US20150190331 A1 2015 [cited 2017 Nov 24]. Available from:http:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US20150190331"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Vu T. Conger C. Larsen D.M. Valia D.andSchoon D.D.Compositions and methods for UV\u2010curable cosmetic nail coatings [Internet]. US8901199 B2 2014 [cited 2017 Nov 24]. Available from:http:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US8901199"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"Klang J. Lu J.andVappala I.Nail polish composition based on solvent\u2010free aqueous polyurethane dispersions [Internet]. WO2015165897 A1 2015 [cited 2017 Dec 4]. Available from:http:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/WO2015165897A1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2008.622"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"Consumer Updates \u2010 How to Safely Use Nail Care Products [Internet].2017[cited 2017 Dec 4]. Available from:https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/ForConsumers\/ConsumerUpdates\/ucm563407.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12075"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2494\/photopolymer.28.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2016.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NJ00559K"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Kirk\u2010Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology [Internet]","author":"Curran M.A.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-2015-1192.ch016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","volume-title":"The technology roadmap for plant\/crop\u2010based renewable resources 2020","author":"McLaren J.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","unstructured":"Valenty V.B.Quick\u2010drying nail coating method and composition. 5435994 1995."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"Goudjil K..Metamorphic nail polish [Internet]. US5730961 A 1998[cited 2017 Nov 24]. Available from:http:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US5730961"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"Cook P.M..UV\u2010curable nail coating formulations containing cellulose esters with ethylenically unsaturated pendant groups [Internet]. US5985951 A 1999[cited 2017 Nov 24]. Available from:http:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US5985951"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"Vu T. Conger C. Larsen D.M. Valia D.andSchoon D.D..Compositions and methods for UV\u2010curable cosmetic nail coatings [Internet]. US8901199 B2 2014[cited 2017 Nov 24]. Available from:http:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US8901199"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","unstructured":"Kozacheck J.E.andLein G.M..Easily applicable storage stable radiation\u2010curable pigmented artificial nail gel coatings [Internet]. US20140369944 A1 2014 [cited 2017 Nov 24]. Available from:http:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US20140369944"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","unstructured":"Klang J. Lu J.andVappala I.Nail polish composition based on solvent\u2010free aqueous polyurethane dispersions [Internet].2015. Available from:https:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/WO2015165897A1?cl=en"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"Steffier L.W..UV\u2010curable nail coating formulations based on renewable polyols [Internet]. US8574558 B2 2013[cited 2017 Nov 24]. Available from:http:\/\/www.google.com\/patents\/US8574558"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","unstructured":"Sehnal P. Harper K. Rose A.T.et\u00a0al.Novel Phosphine Oxide Photoinitiators. Rosemont IL;2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie402319j"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","article-title":"Mitigation of oxygen inhibition in UV LED, UVA, and low intensity UV cure","author":"Arceneaux J.A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"RadTech"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr3005197"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cosmetic Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fics.12497","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ics.12497","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T18:52:35Z","timestamp":1694803955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ics.12497"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ics.12497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ics.12497","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0142-5463","1468-2494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0142-5463","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-05-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-12-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}