{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T20:58:20Z","timestamp":1760821100524,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intern J of Cosmetic Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Terminally differentiated keratinocytes acquire corneocyte protein envelopes (CPE) complexed with corneocyte lipid envelopes (CLE). These two structural components of the corneocyte envelopes (CEs) undergo maturation by gaining in hydrophobicity, rigidity and surface area. Linoleoyl acylceramides are processed by 12R\u2010lipoxygenase (12R\u2010LOX) and other enzymes before transglutaminase (TG) attaches \u03c9\u2010hydroxyceramides to involucrin in the CPE. Concurrently, structural proteins are cross\u2010linked by TG that has been activated by cathepsin D (CathD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary aim of this work was to demonstrate the impact of relative humidity (RH) during <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> CE maturation. Low, optimal and high RH were selected to investigate the effect of protease inhibitors (PIs) on CE maturation and TG activity; in addition, 12R\u2010LOX and CathD activity were measured at optimal RH. Finally, the effect of glycerol on <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> CE maturation was tested at low, optimal and high RH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The first and ninth tape strip of photo\u2010exposed (PE) cheek and photo\u2010protected (PP) post\u2010auricular sites of healthy volunteers were selected. <jats:italic>Ex vivo<\/jats:italic> CE maturation was assessed via the relative CE maturity (RCEM) approach based on CE rigidity and hydrophobicity. The second and eighth tapes were exposed to RH in the presence of inhibitors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Irrespective of tape stripping depth, CEs from PE samples attained CE rigidity to the same extent as mature CEs from the PP site, but such improvement was lacking for CE hydrophobicity. 70% RH was optimal for <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> CE maturation. The inhibition of 12R\u2010LOX activity resulted in enhanced CE rigidity which was reduced by the TG inhibitor. CE hydrophobicity remained unchanged during <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> maturation in the presence of TG or 12R\u2010LOX inhibition. CE hydrophobicity was enhanced in the presence of glycerol at 44% RH and 100% RH but not at 70% RH. Furthermore, TG activity was significantly diminished at 100% RH compared to the commercial inhibitor LDN\u201027219. However, a protease inhibitor mix reversed the negative effect of overhydration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study adds to the understanding of the roles of 12R\u2010LOX and TG activity in CE maturation and gives further insight into the effect of glycerol on the SC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T05:29:04Z","timestamp":1566278944000},"page":"563-578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The importance of 12R\u2010lipoxygenase and transglutaminase activities in the hydration\u2010dependent <i>ex vivo<\/i> maturation of corneocyte envelopes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0858-1746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Guneri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL School of Pharmacy 29-39 Brunswick Square WC1N 1AX London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3951-0329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Voegeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DSM Nutritional Products Ltd. 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