{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T01:06:27Z","timestamp":1780621587933,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intern J of Cosmetic Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Photolysis experiments of chlorphenesin, used as a preservative in cosmetic products, were performed in aqueous solution and on a cream used in cosmetics. Three by\u2010products resulting from the direct UV\u2010visible photodegradation of chlorphenesin were characterized by chromatography (gas and liquid) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS\/MS and LC\u2010HR MS\/MS) and found in both solutions. In vitro tests on <jats:italic>Vibrio fischeri<\/jats:italic> bacteria showed that the overall ecotoxicity of chlorphenesin increased with increasing irradiation time in both samples. In silico QSAR (Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship) tests were performed using T.E.S.T. (Toxicity Estimation Software Tool). Among the degradation compounds identified, 4\u2010chlorophenol must contribute to the increased ecotoxicity of the photolyzed solution since the in silico LC50 estimated for all tests performed are always lower than those obtained for chlorphenesin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T10:44:03Z","timestamp":1640601843000},"page":"10-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Characterization of photoproducts and global ecotoxicity of chlorphenesin: A preservative used in skin care products"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Manel","family":"Ben Ouaghrem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019analyses industrielles EXPERTOX Paris France"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie Mol\u00e9culaire CNRS UMR 9168 \u00c9cole Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris Palaiseau France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Segolene","family":"de Vaugelade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019analyses industrielles EXPERTOX Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6914-3956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Bourcier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie Mol\u00e9culaire CNRS UMR 9168 \u00c9cole Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris Palaiseau France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Genty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie Mol\u00e9culaire CNRS UMR 9168 \u00c9cole Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris Palaiseau France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"Pirnay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019analyses industrielles EXPERTOX Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"Bouchonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie Mol\u00e9culaire CNRS UMR 9168 \u00c9cole Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris Palaiseau France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"PubChem Chlophenesin Chlorphenesin | C9H11ClO3 \u2010 PubChem (nih.gov)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.34.3481"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"DebackerM.Conservation des produits cosm\u00e9tiques\u00a0: \u00e9volutions risques associes et strat\u00e9gies d\u2019optimisation Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie de Lille th\u00e8se soutenue le\u00a018\u00a0mai\u00a02018."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antib.2009.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"European Commission.Regulation No 1223\/2009 of the European parliament and of the council on cosmetic products 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581814526893"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00331.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1946.tb00046.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119364221","volume-title":"Handbook of Formulating Dermal Applications: A Definitive Practical Guide","author":"Dayan MN","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"E50","article-title":"Skin safety and health prevention: an overview of chemicals in cosmetic products","volume":"60","author":"Panico A","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Prev. 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