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The system was characterized by droplet size, zeta potential, emulsification time and long\u2010term stability. In vitro release and skin permeation were investigated using Franz\u2010type diffusion cells. The cytotoxicity was evaluated on normal human keratinocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Caffeine SEDDS were thermodynamically stable, with a zeta potential less than \u2010 22\u2009mV and droplet size around 30\u2009nm, and were long\u2010term stable. The permeation study showed that the formulation promoted caffeine accumulation in the skin layers, suggesting an increase in local circulation. Cytotoxicity studies on HaCaT cells were not conclusive as the surfactant used indicated false\u2010positive results due to its high molar mass.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was possible to obtain a stable SEDDS that could cause an increase in blood flow in the applied area, resulting in cellulite reduction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T09:08:47Z","timestamp":1675847327000},"page":"255-265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Development of <scp>SEDDS<\/scp> formulation containing caffeine for dermal delivery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Igor de Andrade Assun\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis, Duque de Caxias Campus Federal Institute of Rio de 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