{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:27:51Z","timestamp":1789676871527,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intern J of Cosmetic Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to assess the effect of 1,3\u2010propanediol at different concentrations (5%, 10%, or 15%), either applied alone or in combination with butylene glycol (BG) (5%) and\/or glycerol (5%), on skin hydration and skin barrier function. The measurements were conducted using capacitance to determine skin hydration and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) rates to evaluate skin barrier function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 30 healthy female subjects participated in the study. Capacitance and TEWL measurements were conducted at multiple time points, including before application and at 15\u2009min, 2 and 8\u2009h after the humectants were applied to the forearms of the subjects. All the subjects provided written informed consent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 1,3\u2010propanediol in all concentrations and in all combinations (with BG and\/or glycerol) increased skin hydration and improved skin barrier function 15\u2009min, 2 and 8\u2009h after application. Glycerol increased the hydration performance of 1,3\u2010propanediol. The application of 1,3\u2010propanediol at a concentration of 15%, either alone or in combination with other humectants, reduced the TEWL to a greater extent than lower concentrations of 1,3\u2010propanediol. Furthermore, the addition of glycerol to 1,3\u2010propanediol 15% improved the skin barrier and reduced TEWL when compared with 1,3\u2010propanediol alone and with the combination of 1,3\u2010propanediol + BG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The humectants significantly improved skin hydration and reduced TEWL throughout the 8\u2010h time course. The increase in 1,3\u2010propanediol concentration, as well as its combination with glycerol, provided a greater benefit to the skin, improving both hydration and the skin barrier function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T01:25:23Z","timestamp":1694568323000},"page":"85-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effects of 1,3\u2010propanediol associated, or not, with butylene glycol and\/or glycerol on skin hydration and skin barrier function"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6387-7243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Rodrigues","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Campinas (Unicamp)  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1584-747X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silas Arandas","family":"Monteiro\u00a0e\u00a0Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Campinas (Unicamp)  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7126-1326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gislaine Ricci","family":"Leonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Campinas (Unicamp)  Campinas 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