{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T20:35:21Z","timestamp":1778186121449,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intern J of Cosmetic Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective is to develop a natural and stable anti\u2010oxidative stress and anti\u2010ageing ingredient. In this study, we evaluated the changes in white tea leaves fermented with <jats:italic>Eurotium cristatum<\/jats:italic> PLT\u2010PE and <jats:italic>Saccharomyces boulardii<\/jats:italic> PLT\u2010HZ and their efficacy against skin oxidative stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We employed untargeted metabolomics technology to analyse the differential metabolites between tea extract (TE) and fermented tea extract (FTE). In\u00a0vitro, using H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced HaCaT cells, we evaluated cell vitality, ROS, and inflammatory factors (TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, and IL\u20106). Additionally, we verified the effects on the extracellular matrix and nuclear DNA using fibroblasts or reconstructed skin models. We measured skin hydration, elasticity, wrinkle area, wrinkle area ratio, erythema area, and erythema area ratio in volunteers after using an emulsion containing 3% FTE for 28 and 56\u2009days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Targeted metabolomics analysis of white tea leaves yielded more than 20 differential metabolites with antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory activities, including amino acids, polypeptides, quercetin, and liquiritin post\u2010fermentation. FTE, compared to TE, can significantly reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protect against oxidative stress\u2010induced skin damage in H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced HaCaT cells. FTE can inhibit H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced collagen degradation by suppressing the MAPK\/c\u2010Jun signalling pathway and can also mitigate the reactive oxygen species damage to nuclear DNA. Clinical studies showed that the volunteers' stratum corneum water content, skin elasticity, wrinkle area, wrinkle area ratio, erythema area, and erythema area ratio significantly improved from the baseline after 28 and 56\u2009days of FTE use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study contributes to the growing body of literature supporting the protective effects against skin oxidative stress and ageing from fermented plant extracts. Moreover, our findings might inspire multidisciplinary efforts to investigate new fermentation techniques that could produce even more potent anti\u2010ageing solutions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T10:54:23Z","timestamp":1723200863000},"page":"1-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Fermented tea leave extract against oxidative stress and ageing of skin in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Gai\u2010xiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RNW Co., Ltd  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0862-0262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei\u2010cheng","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&amp;D Center of Shanghai Huiwen 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