{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:38:13Z","timestamp":1759451893704,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intern J of Cosmetic Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite limited consumer understanding of sunscreen labelling, product choice remains primarily driven by the labelled Sun Protection Factor (SPF), alongside UVA protection and water resistance claims. To ensure the reliability of these key parameters, validated and reproducible testing methods are essential. In response to recent ISO publications on in\u00a0vivo water resistance evaluation, the Cosmetics Europe Sun Protection Methods Task Force has initiated the development of a robust in\u00a0vitro alternative. Current in\u00a0vitro approaches are based on thin\u2010film UV transmittance techniques, but their accuracy is highly sensitive to film homogeneity, both during application and after immersion. It has been shown that immersion can induce film rearrangement, altering UV absorbance without necessarily reducing active ingredient content. This may lead to atypical results, including apparent increases in SPF values post\u2010immersion. Here, in a ring\u2010testing approach, we investigate a new method for determining the in\u00a0vitro water resistance of sunscreen products. This study aims to identify the most robust and predictive in\u00a0vitro alternative, contributing to the development of a standardized and scientifically reliable method for water resistance assessment in sunscreen products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.13074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T07:04:27Z","timestamp":1747724667000},"page":"851-863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A new in\u00a0vitro approach for determining the water resistance of sunscreen products, validated by a blinded ring test"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2016-7997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Pissavini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coty\u2010Lancaster SAM  Monaco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6468-8359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Pouradier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L'or\u00e9al, Research &amp; Innovation  Chevilly Larue France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Wiener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edgewell Personal Care  Ormond Beach Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Contier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LVMH Recherche Parfums et Cosm\u00e9tiques  Saint\u2010Jean\u2010de\u2010Braye France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8608-8901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Kolbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beiersdorf AG  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenvue, Skillman  Montgomery New\u00a0Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2463-7332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Lapalud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pierre Fabre Dermo\u2010Cosmetics &amp; Personal Care, R&amp;D Department  Toulouse Cedex 3 France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Renner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cosmetics Europe \u2013 the Personal Care Association  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9811-4286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. J.","family":"Matts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Procter &amp; Gamble Company, Reading Innovation Centre  Reading UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Royal Pharmaceutical Society.Sunscreen RPS Survey.2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Cosmetics Europe.Consumer survey Sun Products.2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Standardization I.O.f.ISO 24443:2021 \u2010 Cosmetics \u2014 Determination of sunscreen UVA photoprotection in\u00a0vitro.2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Standardization I.O.f.ISO 23675 \u2010 Cosmetics \u2014 Sun protection test methods \u2014 In\u00a0Vitro determination of Sun Protection Factor (SPF).2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Standardization I.O.f.ISO 18861:2020 \u2013 Cosmetics \u2014 Sun protection test methods \u2014 Percentage of water resistance.2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"Standardization I.O.f.ISO 16217:2020 \u2013 Cosmetics \u2014 Sun protection test methods \u2014 Water immersion procedure for determining water resistance.2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Administration U.F.a.D.Labeling and Effectiveness Testing: Sunscreen Drug Products for Over\u2010the\u2010Counter Human Use (2011 sunscreen final rule) in21 CFR parts 201 and 310 SPF test procedure.2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2007.00276.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12009"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"116","article-title":"Comparison of two in\u00a0vitro methods to evaluate the water resistance of sunscreens","volume":"67","author":"Cheignon C","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"525","article-title":"Development of an in\u00a0vitro test to determine the water\u2010resistance of sunscreens","volume":"63","author":"Choquenet B","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2007.00407.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-2494.1998.176609.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600730707"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Prediction of sun protection factors by calculation of transmissions with a calibrated step film model","volume":"53","author":"Herzog B","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cosmet 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