{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:04:39Z","timestamp":1777896279774,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FKZ 03ZZ0131D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FKZ 03ZZ0131D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intern J of Cosmetic Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The consortium ALT\u2010SPF performed an international round robin test to characterize non\u2010invasive methods as alternatives to the erythema\u2010based testing of sun protection factor (SPF) according to ISO 24444:2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hybrid diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (HDRS) based on a multi\u2010lambda LED light source uses in\u00a0vivo reflectance spectra on skin to determine sunscreens in\u00a0vivo absorbance spectra, which are fused with respective in\u00a0vitro absorbance spectra measured as thin films transmission as described in ISO 24443:2019. As a part of the ALT\u2010SPF consortium initiative, a blinded study on 64 samples was performed in four European laboratories. After further improvements of the method, a blinded re\u2010evaluation based on 16 samples was performed. Five statistical acceptance criteria for new methods were assessed by an independent statistical institute to compare the obtained results to the reference methods for SPF and UVA\u2010PF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The initial ALT\u2010SPF study 1 showed that the bias criterion was acceptable, while the reproducibility and interlaboratory variability needed further improvement. The re\u2010evaluation study 2 showed that the reproducibility and interlaboratory variability could be considerably improved. Using only <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u200910 volunteers and a bias correction based on the initial ALT\u2010SPF study 1 data, the SPF results of the re\u2010evaluation study 2 were close to the acceptance criteria of the ALT\u2010SPF study with criterion 1 (reproducibility) and only 11% over the limit defined by the performance of the gold standard. The UVA\u2010PF results were within the acceptance limits for the acceptance criteria, except criterion 3 being in the \u2018almost met\u2019 range. The re\u2010evaluation study indicates that the method has a comparable precision to the gold standard methods ISO 24444 and ISO 24443.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study showed that the LED\u2010HDRS method is capable of providing reasonable non\u2010invasive SPF and UVA\u2010PF results and that the performance shows close alignment to the reference method. Thus, it can be proposed as an alternative method to the current standards ISO 24444 and ISO 24443.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.70007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T08:11:50Z","timestamp":1756714310000},"page":"96-114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterization of <scp>LED<\/scp>\u2010based hybrid diffuse reflectance spectroscopy method for determination of <scp>SPF<\/scp> and <scp>UVA<\/scp>\u2010<scp>PF<\/scp> in blinded multi\u2010centre study (<scp>ALT<\/scp>\u2010<scp>SPF<\/scp>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0584-1349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina","family":"Reble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2014 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, 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