{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T23:57:36Z","timestamp":1780617456341,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intern J of Cosmetic Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Ficus deltoidei<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a medicinal plant traditionally used in Southeast Asia, is rich in bioactive flavonoids such as vitexin and isovitexin. Despite its long\u2010standing use in traditional medicine, scientific validation of its dermatological benefits remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the in\u00a0vitro safety of\n                    <jats:italic>F.\u2009deltoidea<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaf extract and the efficacy of a topical herbal cream containing\n                    <jats:italic>F.\u2009deltoidea<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaf extract in promoting skin barrier recovery, including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration, melanin, erythema and elasticity. The safety of\n                    <jats:italic>F.\u2009deltoidea<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaf extract was evaluated using three in\u00a0vitro assays: a reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model for irritation assessment, a direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA) for skin sensitization potential and a direct cell contact cytotoxicity test on L\u2010929 mouse fibroblast cells. The extract was categorized as a non\u2010irritant in the RHE test, with tissue viability remaining above 50%. All acceptance criteria were met, showing an average peptide depletion of 10.21% in the DPRA, classifying it as low reactive, and it was found to be non\u2010cytotoxic at a 0.1% concentration. An in\u00a0vivo tape\u2010stripping model was employed in 20 human volunteers to simulate superficial skin barrier disruption. The test sites were treated with\n                    <jats:italic>F.\u2009deltoidea<\/jats:italic>\n                    cream, placebo cream, or untreated skin (control). Treatment with\n                    <jats:italic>F.\u2009deltoidea<\/jats:italic>\n                    cream significantly accelerated skin barrier repair, as evidenced by a marked reduction in TEWL and improved hydration compared with the placebo and control groups. The formulation also reduced erythema and melanin levels, indicating anti\u2010inflammatory and anti\u2010melanogenic effects, and enhanced skin elasticity, suggesting anti\u2010aging potential. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed strong interdependence among the parameters, with TEWL being negatively correlated with hydration (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.96) and elasticity (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.84), whereas hydration was positively correlated with elasticity (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.95). The therapeutic effects of\n                    <jats:italic>F.\u2009deltoidea<\/jats:italic>\n                    cream are attributed to its flavonoid content and antioxidant properties. This study provides scientific support for the traditional use of\n                    <jats:italic>F.\u2009deltoidea<\/jats:italic>\n                    in skin\u2010related treatments. Further investigations into the mechanism of ceramide synthesis in the stratum corneum are warranted.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.70062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T12:29:19Z","timestamp":1766665759000},"page":"667-683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Safety profiling and skin barrier characterization of a topical herbal cream containing\n                    <i>Ficus deltoidea<\/i>\n                    leaf extract"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Nor Hazwani Mohd","family":"Ariffin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioproduct Development Universiti Teknologi Malaysia  Skudai Johor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8389-9397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosnani","family":"Hasham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioproduct Development Universiti Teknologi Malaysia  Skudai Johor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad Roji","family":"Sarmidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phyto Biznet Sdn. Bhd, Block 5\u20102 UTM\u2010MTDC Technology Centre, Technovation Park Universiti Teknologi Malaysia  Skudai Johor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000534136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14326\/abe.12.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2021.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020359"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2022.10.016"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"345","article-title":"Skin Aura: the impact of moisturizers on maintaining skin hydration","volume":"8","author":"Manvi H","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Trend Sci Res Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.102127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2025.101007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2024.101210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43450-024-00570-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics8040106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2024.100920"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30574\/gscbps.2022.19.2.0202"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2022.105854"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03955","article-title":"Assessment of non\u2013invasive techniques and herbal\u2013based products on dermatological physiology and intercellular lipid properties","volume":"6","author":"Ariffin NHM","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics7040083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24191\/bioenv.v1i3.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12668-020-00786-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ficus deltoidea leaves methanol extract promote wound healing activity in mice","volume":"14","author":"Aryani R","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Asian J Biosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2019.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17576\/jsm-2024-5302-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"In vitro antioxidant response of the equine blood treated by extract derived from leaves of Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae)","volume":"33","author":"Tkachenko H","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Bull Nat Sci (Biol Sci)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2023.105755"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429202971-53"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1236790"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2023.106168"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13091129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics12040146"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"737","article-title":"Formulation and evaluation of herbal cream","volume":"7","author":"Kumar M","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Res Appl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NA00804A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5NR00307E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02611929251363484"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2025.2495363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a123"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","first-page":"4017","article-title":"Phytochemical, pharmacognosy and ethnobotanical importance of the Ficus virens Aiton","volume":"12","author":"Patel MH","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharm Innov J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21705\/mcbs.v4i1.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113738"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67765-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/bioconf\/202413503003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2024.105851"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","volume-title":"Performance Standards for the assessment of proposed similar or modified in vitro skin sensitisation DPRA and ADRA test methods, OECD Series on Testing and Assessment, No. 303","author":"OECD","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2021.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020585"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094466"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2024.110414"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2AN00588C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11061071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.104.034406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/pm.pm_433_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics8010002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14331"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37349\/etat.2023.00123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljaf200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c11687"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.70042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26115005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19745"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S502252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42825-025-00203-y"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cosmetic Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ics.70062","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ics.70062","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ics.70062","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T04:26:49Z","timestamp":1780374409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ics.70062"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ics.70062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ics.70062","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0142-5463","1468-2494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0142-5463","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}