{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T11:01:36Z","timestamp":1781002896096,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intern J of Cosmetic Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Instrumental methods for measuring hair volume can detect physical differences that are not perceptible to consumers, creating a disconnect between in\u2010vitro measurements and real\u2010world perception. This study aimed to establish the Just\u2010Noticeable Difference (JND) for hair volume and to develop a predictive model incorporating hair waviness to better align instrumental data with sensory evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bulk volume and waviness were quantified from hair swatches using a custom image\u2010analysis framework. Volume was determined via pixel intensity\u2010based fibre density classification, while waviness was derived from an amplitude\u2013frequency analysis of the detrended medial axis. Sensory evaluation was conducted by an expert panel across controlled four\u2010swatch sets with defined volume differences (\u0394V \u2248\u20095, 3 and 2 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Mean sensory rank was used as the primary perceptual metric. A multivariable Ordinary Least Squares regression model was developed and validated using Leave\u2010One\u2010Group\u2010Out Cross\u2010Validation across 35 independent sets.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A perceptual threshold of \u0394V \u2248\u20093 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      was identified as the JND for hair volume. At \u0394V \u2248\u20095 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , instrumental and sensory rankings were in strong agreement, whereas at \u0394V \u2248\u20092 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , perceptual discrimination failed. Regression analysis confirmed bulk volume as the dominant predictor of perceived volume (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.798,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.001), with waviness providing a significant secondary contribution (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.135,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.005; Adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =\u20090.660). A waviness correction factor (\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2248\u20090.169) was derived, and cross\u2010validation demonstrated robust predictive performance (66.67% top\u2010rank accuracy; 94.87% top\u2010two accuracy).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study establishes the quantitative perceptual threshold for hair volume and introduces a morphology\u2010aware correction model that aligns instrumental measurements with human perception. Together, these tools provide a practical framework for ensuring that volumising product claims are both physically measurable and perceptually meaningful.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.70117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T10:28:42Z","timestamp":1781000922000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Defining the perceptual threshold for hair volume: A method for aligning image\u2010based quantification with sensory evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7809-4653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Muthunilavan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cavinkare Research Center, Cavinkare Pvt Ltd  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Sridhar Rajam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cavinkare Research Center, Cavinkare Pvt Ltd  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Gurulakshmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cavinkare Research Center, Cavinkare Pvt Ltd  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"561","article-title":"Hair product evaluation: from laboratory bench to consumer and back again","volume":"24","author":"Wedderburn DL","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Soc Cosmet Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25611-0","volume-title":"Chemical and physical behavior of human hair","author":"Robbins CR","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"The effect of fiber diameter on the cosmetic aspects of hair","volume":"28","author":"Yin NE","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Soc Cosmet Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"783","article-title":"Prediction of hair assembly characteristics from single fiber properties","volume":"29","author":"Robbins CR","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Soc Cosmet Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Defining and controlling frizz","volume":"130","author":"Evans T","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cosmet Toil"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"BengtssonM.All\u2010day hair manageability for textured hair types. 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