{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T04:03:49Z","timestamp":1789358629493,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intern J of Cosmetic Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periorbital ageing, manifested by wrinkles, exerts significant influence on perceived age and attractiveness, making this a primary target for anti\u2010ageing interventions. Previous quantitative assessments of periorbital ageing have predominantly focused on the number or depth of wrinkles. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel approach to quantify age\u2010related changes in the orientation of wrinkles on the upper eyelids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This longitudinal study (2010\u20132019) involved 87 healthy Japanese women (aged 22\u201362\u2009years) with up to nine time points. Facial images were captured by the VISIA\u2010Evolution system and expert\u2010rated wrinkle scores were generated for multiple facial regions. Images of the left upper eyelid were analysed by morphological opening to decompose the wrinkle line segments into six directions (0\u00b0 to 150\u00b0 from vertical). We then defined a wrinkle dominance index (WDI) for each direction and investigated its association with age and expert\u2010rated wrinkle scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the six directions, only the 60\u00b0 WDI showed an evident age\u2010related increase (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51\u20130.64); furthermore, this trend accelerated after 40\u2009years of age. Participants \u2265\u200940\u2009years of age with higher 60\u00b0 WDI values exhibited significantly higher expert\u2010rated wrinkle scores for the right lateral periorbital area (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and lower eyelids (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) after adjusting for age. No significant associations were identified for non\u2010periorbital facial regions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 60\u00b0 WDI of the upper eyelid represents a quantitative indicator of periorbital ageing progression. This image\u2010based, orientation\u2010specific metric provides a practical tool for the objective evaluation of periorbital skin ageing in both clinical and cosmetic applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.70139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:54:36Z","timestamp":1789030476000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Directional analysis of upper eyelid wrinkles and a quantitative index for periorbital ageing"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Ken","family":"Suematsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KOS\u00c9 Corporation Research Laboratories  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Momoko","family":"Hayamizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rie","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KOS\u00c9 Corporation Research Laboratories  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2007.00415.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14020535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20150087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.13045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13719"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23355"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.2006.00349.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/bmte.2000.45.11.317"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Evaluation of periorbital wrinkle intensity by digital image processing: A validation study","volume":"1","author":"Brand VC","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"411","article-title":"Guideline for evaluation of anti\u2010wrinkle products","volume":"31","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Jpn Cosmet Sci Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"Skin Aging Atlas: Volume 2, Asian Type","author":"Bazin R","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"1755","article-title":"Dlib\u2010ml: a machine learning toolkit","volume":"10","author":"King DE","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KazemiV SullivanJ.One millisecond face alignment with an ensemble of regression trees. 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