{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:11:13Z","timestamp":1789125073627,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intern J of Cosmetic Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate the antimicrobial, anti\u2010inflammatory and early pro\u2010repair properties of\n                      <jats:italic>Picea abies<\/jats:italic>\n                      resin extract and a 30% extract\u2010based cream and to explore preliminary in\u2010use performance, tolerability and cosmetic acceptability in adults with mild acne.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The chemical composition of the extract was characterized by GC\u2013MS. Anti\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>Cutibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      activity was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination, time\u2010kill testing and an inoculated\u2010cream model. Anti\u2010inflammatory and pro\u2010repair effects were assessed in LPS\u2010stimulated human keratinocytes by measuring IL\u20101\u03b1, IL\u20106 and IL\u20108, and in normal human dermal fibroblasts by cellular protein synthesis. Mechanistic plausibility was explored by Glide SP docking against AlphaFold2\u2010generated models of IKK\u03b2, JNK1, NF\u2010\u03baB and PPAR\u03b3. Safety was evaluated by ISO 10993\u20105 agar diffusion and a 48\u2010h human patch test, and clinical performance was explored in a 28\u2010day, open\u2010label, uncontrolled in\u2010use evaluation involving adults with mild facial acne.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      GC\u2013MS identified p\u2010coumaric acid, resin acids and the lignans pinoresinol, isolariciresinol and secoisolariciresinol as major constituents. The extract showed an MIC of 30% against\n                      <jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      and, at this concentration, achieved a &gt;\u20094.9\u2010log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      reduction after 8\u2009h, whereas the cream containing 30% extract achieved a 4.03\u2010log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      reduction after 8\u2009h in the inoculated\u2010cream model. In LPS\u2010stimulated keratinocytes, the cream reduced IL\u20101\u03b1 by 14\u201317%, IL\u20106 by 22\u201339% and IL\u20108 by 16\u201326%. In dermal fibroblasts, cellular protein synthesis increased by 35\u201350% within 24\u201348\u2009h. Docking identified putative interactions of lignans and p\u2010coumaric acid with IKK\u03b2, JNK1, NF\u2010\u03baB and PPAR\u03b3, providing hypotheses for further mechanistic investigation. No cytotoxicity or irritation was observed. In an exploratory open\u2010label 28\u2010day in\u2010use study (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200931), total lesions decreased 26.8% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), papules 52.1% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) and comedones 17.6% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), with 87% favourable acceptability and no reported intolerance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Picea abies<\/jats:italic>\n                      resin extract and the extract\u2010containing cream demonstrated antimicrobial, anti\u2010inflammatory and early pro\u2010repair activities in preclinical models, with good tolerability. Docking identified potential compound\u2013target interactions that may help guide future mechanistic studies. The exploratory 28\u2010day in\u2010use evaluation provided preliminary signals of reduced papules and comedones\/microcysts and good cosmetic acceptability. These findings support further mechanistic investigation in adequately powered, randomized, vehicle\u2010controlled clinical studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.70147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T10:56:28Z","timestamp":1789124188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lignan\u2010rich Norway spruce (\n                    <i>Picea abies<\/i>\n                    ) resin extract exhibits anti\u2010inflammatory, skin\u2010regenerative and anti\u2010acne effects: In\u00a0vitro, in silico, biocompatibility and exploratory clinical findings"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8056-2204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Parrotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Repolar Pharmaceuticals Ltd.  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