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Included studies used an intervention of <jats:italic>medicated,<\/jats:italic> sugar\u2010free chewing gum containing antimicrobial agents or herbal extracts compared with a control gum. Plaque and gingivitis scores were selected as outcome variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Independent screening of 594 unique titles and abstracts identified 10 <jats:italic>non\u2010brushing<\/jats:italic> and four <jats:italic>brushing<\/jats:italic> studies that met the eligibility criteria. Means and standard deviations were extracted. A sufficient number of studies evaluated chlorhexidine gum to perform a meta\u2010analysis. Although this review provides evidence for the comparative effectiveness of chewing gums containing various ingredients, the results must be weighed carefully against the methods that were used to assess their outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most of the chewing gums with antimicrobial agents or herbal extracts were shown to have a positive effect with respect to plaque and gingivitis scores. The most compelling evidence was provided for chewing gum containing chlorhexidine. Meta\u2010analysis and individual results indicate a beneficial effect of chlorhexidine on plaque inhibition. However, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GRADE<\/jats:styled-content> evidence profile shows that the recommendation to use <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHX<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010gum to reduce plaque scores in the absence of brushing is considered to be \u2018weak\u2019. Other ingredients with positive outcomes on plaque scores are eucalyptus, acacia, funoran, Pycnogenol and mastic. Limited data with respect to gingivitis scores were available, and the following agents showed a positive effect: magnolia, eucalyptus and CHX.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,24]],"date-time":"2013-06-24T07:12:48Z","timestamp":1372057968000},"page":"2-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The effect of medicated, sugar\u2010free chewing gum on plaque and clinical parameters of gingival inflammation: <i>a systematic review<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"RS","family":"Keukenmeester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DE","family":"Slot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MS","family":"Putt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Research Center Indiana University\u2010Purdue University Fort Wayne IN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GA","family":"Van der Weijden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411990100030901"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2012.00562.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2008.0215"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.736"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf8020859"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf072122h"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"American Dental Association: Guideline for Product Acceptance November2010. 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