{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T13:57:45Z","timestamp":1792245465741,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]],"date-time":"2013-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Dental Hygiene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is well established that musculoskeletal disorders (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSD<\/jats:styled-content>) are a significant occupational health issue for dentists and hygienists. Despite this, there has been little advancement in the application of ergonomic principles in the dental profession. While the use of loupes is often promoted as an ergonomic solution, there is little published research to robustly support this claim. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the use of loupes on upper extremity <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSD<\/jats:styled-content> among dental hygienists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was conducted using an exploratory pretest and post\u2010test design, comparing musculoskeletal measures in practising dental hygienists wearing loupes with final\u2010year dental hygiene students who did not wear loupes. Pre\u2010 and post\u2010test measures included valid self\u2010reported and objective outcome measures and were measured at baseline and 6\u00a0months following the intervention. Statistical analysis was conducted as a series of mixed <jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc>s with time and treatment as the independent variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis revealed a significant interaction between time and treatment for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>isabilities of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>houlder, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>rm and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>and (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DASH<\/jats:styled-content>) scores (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.04), indicating an improvement in symptoms for the treatment group but a reversed trend for the controls. There was also a significant mean increase in scapular position measures; however, this finding was evident in both groups, indicating that these were not a result of the intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, this study suggests that wearing loupes appears to have both positive and negative effects on upper extremity <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSD<\/jats:styled-content> among dental hygienists. Ongoing research is required to determine the long\u2010term effects of loupes wear, over an extended period of time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,27]],"date-time":"2013-07-27T01:19:26Z","timestamp":1374887966000},"page":"174-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The effect of wearing loupes on upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders among dental hygienists"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"MJ","family":"Hayes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences Faculty of Health University of Newcastle Ourimbah NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PG","family":"Osmotherly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences Faculty of Health University of Newcastle Ourimbah NSW 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