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Bleeding, plaque and staining scores were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Plaque and saliva samples were taken at each assessment monitoring possible shifts in the composition of the microbiota.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002) in favour of the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPC<\/jats:styled-content>mouth rinse, with respect to plaque scores, was found. Bleeding scores at 6 months were not significantly different (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.089). However, when correcting for baseline values, a tendency towards a significant difference in bleeding scores at end trail was observed in favour of the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPC<\/jats:styled-content>mouth rinse (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.061). Regarding staining at 3 and 6 months, a small but significant difference (8.6% and 10.4%, respectively) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) was observed with lower scores for the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VC<\/jats:styled-content>group. There was a significant reduction in total anaerobic count in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPC<\/jats:styled-content>group at 6 months (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The ratio of aerobes\/anaerobes was markedly increased at 3 months, especially in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPC<\/jats:styled-content>group. No further differences were observed between groups at 6 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of 0.07%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPC<\/jats:styled-content>mouth rinse was significantly more effective in reducing plaque scores than the vehicle control. Bleeding scores were not different at 6 months. The test product was well accepted and did not cause any serious clinical side effects or negatively affected the microbiota.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]],"date-time":"2014-07-15T18:39:09Z","timestamp":1405449549000},"page":"93-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Long\u2010term efficacy of a 0.07% cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinse in relation to plaque and gingivitis: a 6\u2010month randomized, vehicle\u2010controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"MPC","family":"Van Leeuwen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Clinic for Dentistry Bussum The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NAM","family":"Rosema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PA","family":"Versteeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DE","family":"Slot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AJ","family":"Van Winkelhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GA","family":"Van der Weijden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Clinic for Periodontology Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1965.36.3.177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1966.tb01842.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2006.00168.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2012.00557.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00860.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2003.0255"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2006.0408"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Effects of some potential inhibitors on early calculus formation","volume":"6","author":"Schroeder HE","year":"1962","journal-title":"Helv Odont Acta"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2001.280107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00832.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00718.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"588","article-title":"Efficacy of cetylpyridinium chloride used as oropharyngeal antiseptic","volume":"51","author":"Pitten FA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2002.291101.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Some Aspects of the Action of Cationic Surface\u2010Active Agents on Microbial Cells with Special Reference to Their Action on Enzymes","author":"Hugo WB","year":"1965","journal-title":"Surface Active Agents in Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"226","article-title":"Biocidal polycations","volume":"26","author":"Ikeda T","year":"1985","journal-title":"Polym Prep"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.52.1.111-117.1946","article-title":"Cetyl pyridinium chloride: I. 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