{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T15:36:11Z","timestamp":1792337771927,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,17]],"date-time":"2015-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dutch organization"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Dental Hygiene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review determines the incidence of complications associated with lip and\/or tongue piercings based on a systematic evaluation of the available literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013PubMed, Cochrane\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CENTRAL<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content> databases were comprehensively searched through June 2014 to identify appropriate studies. The incidence of complications, as established by a dental professional associated with oral and peri\u2010oral piercings, was evaluated in populations with lip and\/or tongue piercings. The quality of the case\u2013control studies was assessed using the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale. For case series studies, the risk of bias was assessed using the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An independent screening of 1580 unique titles and abstracts revealed 15 publications that met the eligibility criteria. The incidence of gingival recessions appeared to be 50% in subjects with lip piercings and 44% in subjects with a tongue piercing. Tooth injuries were observed in 26% individuals with lip piercings and in up to 37% of individuals with tongue piercings. Subjects with a lip piercing were 4.14 times (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005) more likely to develop gingival recession than those without a lip piercing. Subjects with a tongue piercing were more likely than non\u2010pierced subjects to experience gingival recession (relative risk (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>) 2.77; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.00001) and tooth injuries (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.44; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both lip and tongue piercings are highly associated with the risk of gingival recession, and tongue piercings are also associated with tooth injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,17]],"date-time":"2015-02-17T15:51:54Z","timestamp":1424188314000},"page":"62-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["The incidence of complications associated with lip and\/or tongue piercings: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6740-5657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"NL","family":"Hennequin\u2010Hoenderdos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DE","family":"Slot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GA","family":"Van der Weijden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"838","article-title":"Oral piercing and its complications in two Serbian youths: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"61","author":"Pejcic A","year":"2012","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-011-0510-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"The Face of Fashion: Cultural Studies in Fashion","author":"Craik J","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1357034X99005002003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12955-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2006.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1357034X99005002004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1757913912464835"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5245(97)90089-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10547739922158368"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/77.1.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2011.01647.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2010.00504.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2012.00566.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.2","author":"Higgins JPT","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","volume-title":"Systematic Review: CRD's Guidance for Undertaking Reviews in Health Care","author":"Centre for Reviews and Dissemination","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","volume-title":"Development of a Quality Appraisal Tool for Case Series Studies Using a Modified Delphi Technique","author":"Moga C","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"MogaC GuoB SchopflocherD HarstallC.Development of a Quality Appraisal Tool for Case Series Studies. 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