{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T02:12:06Z","timestamp":1773540726070,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,24]],"date-time":"2017-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003409","name":"GABA International","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Dental Hygiene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the effects of a regimen consisting of a tooth\/tongue gel, tongue cleaner and mouthwash with the effects of using standard fluoride dentifrice on the organoleptic oral malodour score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ORG<\/jats:styled-content>) and volatile sulphur compounds (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VSC<\/jats:styled-content>s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total, 66 non\u2010dental students participated in a 3\u2010week parallel, single\u2010blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. The test group used a tongue cleaner, a tooth\/tongue gel and mouthwash containing amine fluoride\/stannous fluoride and zinc lactate as oral malodour counteractive. The control group used a standard fluoride dentifrice. Measurements were taken in the morning at baseline, at days 1, 7 and 21. The primary outcome was the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ORG<\/jats:styled-content> score. The secondary outcome, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VSC<\/jats:styled-content> measurement, was assessed using OralChroma\u2122 (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CH<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SH<\/jats:styled-content>, (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CH<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S) and Halimeter<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>. Tongue coating thickness and tongue discoloration were scored. At baseline and day 21, the participants\u2019 self\u2010perceptions were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At day 1 for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ORG<\/jats:styled-content>, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CH<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SH<\/jats:styled-content> and Halimeter<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> readings, a significant decrease was observed in the test group. At day 21, the decrease in H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S and the Halimeter<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> outcomes were maintained for the test group, and a significant increase in tongue surface discoloration was observed. The test group evaluated their <jats:italic>\u201cmorning breath upon awakening\u201d<\/jats:italic> as significantly better (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.001) after 21\u00a0days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant overnight effect on morning oral malodour was observed for most of the parameters in favour of the test group. At day 21, the effect of prolonged use was significant for H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S and the Halimeter<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> readings, although not for the primary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ORG<\/jats:styled-content> outcome parameter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,25]],"date-time":"2017-05-25T16:38:30Z","timestamp":1495730310000},"page":"92-102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The effect of a tooth\/tongue gel and mouthwash regimen on morning oral malodour"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1269-1710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E","family":"Van der Sluijs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GA","family":"Van der Weijden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6740-5657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"NL","family":"Hennequin\u2010Hoenderdos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7234-0037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"DE","family":"Slot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000350472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"European Federation of Periodontology.Guidelines for dentists and dental hygienist on efficacy of mechanical and\/or chemical agents for treating halitosis.http:\/\/prevention.efp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Management-of-malodour.pdf. Assessed December 12 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12367"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2011.635601"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-012-0728-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.5.705"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2012.00546.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/4\/1\/017102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"709","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of a new tooth and tongue gel applied with a tongue cleaner in reducing oral halitosis","volume":"43","author":"Wilhelm D","year":"2012","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Short term clinical efficacy of new meridol HALITOSIS tooth & tongue gel in combination with a tongue cleaner to reduce oral malodour","volume":"24","author":"Wilhelm D","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2010.00479.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","article-title":"User perception on various designs of tongue scrapers: an observational survey","author":"Beekmans DG","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Dent Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-11-201006010-00232"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"Power and sample size calculation.http:\/\/biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu\/wiki\/Main\/PowerSampleSize. Accessed March 23 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(90)90005-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"American Dental Association.Acceptance Program Guidelines. Products Used in the Management of Oral Malodour. American Dental Association November 2003.http:\/\/www.ada.org\/~\/media\/ADA\/Science%20and%20Research\/Files\/guide_oral_malodar.pdf?la=en. Assessed July 13 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2001.028010970.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01495.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"Randomness and Integrity Services Ltd. Dublin Ireland.www.random.org. Assessed July 13 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6505700"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1991.62.8.487"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1992.63.9.776"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910408300116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Measurement strategies: the visual analogue scale","volume":"6","author":"Mottola CA","year":"1993","journal-title":"Decubitus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-5037.2003.00056.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/8\/1\/017102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/6\/1\/017101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2010.01714.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1996.0239"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","first-page":"1205","article-title":"[Halitosis management by the general dental practitioner\u2014results of an International Consensus Workshop*]","volume":"124","author":"Seemann R","year":"2014","journal-title":"Swiss Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0810140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12525"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0303-6979.2004.00507.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Improvement of taste sensitivity of the nursed elderly by oral care","volume":"50","author":"Ohno T","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Dent Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2012.671363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00650.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345930720080601"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2003.20004.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.72.9.1183"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(78)90037-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Oral halitosis and oral hygiene practices among dental students","volume":"91","author":"Barzan A","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bagh Coll Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Oral malodour and periodonto\u2010pathic microorganisms in the tongue coating of periodontally healthy subjects","volume":"38","author":"Kishi M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dent Jpn"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345840630081601"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1989.0209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70097-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","first-page":"228","article-title":"Comparison of two dentifrices with respect to efficacy for the control of plaque and gingivitis, and with respect to extrinsic tooth staining: a six\u2010month clinical study on adults","volume":"13","author":"Mankodi S","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0303-6979.2004.00466.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00750.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","unstructured":"HigginsJPT GreenS.CCHB Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 2012. Chapter 3 Special topics.http:\/\/handbook.cochrane.org\/chapter_17\/17_patient_reported_outcomes.htm. Assessed July 13 2016."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dental Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fidh.12291","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/idh.12291","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T19:29:30Z","timestamp":1695497370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/idh.12291"}},"subtitle":["A 3\u2010week single\u2010blind randomized clinical trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,24]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/idh.12291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/idh.12291","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1601-5029","1601-5037"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1601-5029","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-5037","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,24]]}}}