{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T15:22:27Z","timestamp":1778080947956,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]],"date-time":"2020-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dental Hygiene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy in addition to evaluating side effects and subjects\u2019 perceptions of three commercially available mouthwashes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was a double\u2010blind, parallel, and short\u2010term trial. A total of 75 dental students with biofilm\u2010induced gingivitis were included in the final analysis of the current study. Clinical parameters (plaque index and bleeding on probing) and the staining effect were measured at baseline and after 7\u00a0days. In addition, a VAS\u2010based assessment questionnaire was completed by the participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All interventions significantly reduced plaque scores, but chlorhexidine (CHX) had a significantly higher effect than the hyaluronic acid (HA) and antioxidant mouthwashes. However, all mouthwashes significantly reduced the total bleeding scores to &lt;10% in 53% of the patients, compared to the baseline record. Additionally, teeth underwent shade changes in association with all interventions by the end of the study. Analysis of feedback about the mouthwashes showed that the participants seemed to prefer the HA mouthwash over the other mouthwashes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CHX remains the most effective antiplaque mouthwash although HA and antioxidants are as effective as CHX in reducing bleeding. In addition, based on its better acceptance by the participants, HA is potentially a good alternative to CHX.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T13:04:31Z","timestamp":1582722271000},"page":"268-277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A randomized double\u2010blind clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of chlorhexidine, antioxidant, and hyaluronic acid mouthwashes in the management of biofilm\u2010induced gingivitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0102-6715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali A.","family":"Abdulkareem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaid A.","family":"Al Marah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry Dijlah University College Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0606-2830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayder R.","family":"Abdulbaqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali J.","family":"Alshaeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike R.","family":"Milward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of gingivitis in American adults","volume":"23","author":"Li Y","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12732"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572007000300005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2489"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Efficacy of 0.25% lemongrass oil mouthwash: a three arm prospective parallel clinical study","volume":"9","author":"Dany SS","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Diag Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"873907","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of Schinus terebinthifolius mouthwash to treat biofilm\u2010induced gingivitis","volume":"2013","author":"Freires IDA","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Evidence Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of terminalia chebula extract mouthwash and chlorhexidine mouthwash on plaque and gingival inflammation \u2010 4\u2010week randomised control trial","volume":"13","author":"Gupta D","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2012.01883.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17221\/1930-VETMED"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1997.00170.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.188"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12371"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2294"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0394632016652906"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-2870.118296"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"779","article-title":"An evaluation of 0.2% hyaluronic acid gel (Gengigel\u00ae) in the treatment of gingivitis: a clinical & microbiological study","volume":"13","author":"Sahayata V","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Health Dent Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"389","article-title":"Hyaluronan\u2010containing mouthwash as an adjunctive plaque\u2010control agent","volume":"8","author":"Rodrigues SV","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of an hyaluronic acid\u2010based biogel on periodontal clinical parameters. 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