{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T11:14:52Z","timestamp":1792149292811,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004621","name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dental Hygiene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antiseptic mouthwashes are useful adjuncts to daily brushing and flossing for the control of dental plaque and gingivitis. The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of three mouthwashes: chlorhexidine, essential oils and cetylpyridinium chloride on oral health\u2010related quality of life, gingival health, tongue coating and also to compare their potential side effects after 2\u2010week consumption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty participants were enrolled in this study and were divided into four groups (three mouthwash groups plus no mouthwash group). At the beginning, scaling and cleaning were performed and the following parameters were recorded: oral health impact profile (OHIP\u20105) questionnaire, tongue coating index, modified gingival index, calculus surface index, modified Lobene stain index and a questionnaire for side effects. Each group has followed up in 2\u2009weeks. Data were analysed using paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, ANOVA, Fisher's exact test and Pearson chi\u2010square.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At the end of second week, all three mouthwashes significantly improved OHIP\u20105 score and reduced modified gingival index whereas essential oils and cetylpyridinium chloride significantly reduced tongue coating index when compared to control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The differences between four groups were significant for calculus formation, dental staining and reported burning sensation and changes of taste sensation and perception (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of all three mouthwashes has been effective in controlling and reducing gingivitis and tongue coating; however, it appeared that essential oils has the minimum and Chlorhexidine has the maximum side effects. Moreover, the use of all three mouthwashes has been examined to improve the quality of life. Overall, essential oils mouthwash has the best performance among these three mouthwashes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T19:38:50Z","timestamp":1696448330000},"page":"681-688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Side effects and short effects of using three common mouthwashes on oral health and quality of life: A quasi\u2010experimental study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Nader","family":"Navabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Dentistry School Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Afshari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Homa","family":"Kamyabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Dentistry School Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Dentistry School Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2020.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","article-title":"Chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an adjunctive treatment for gingival health","volume":"3","author":"James P","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.02.024"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Effect of chlorhexidine cord application on prevention of neonatal sepsis in developing countries: systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"13","author":"Gelano TF","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2012.00546.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2015.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2017.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5399"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(10)70003-8"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"997","article-title":"Comparison of antimicrobial effects of three different mouthwashes","volume":"44","author":"Haerian\u2010Ardakani A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1305-7456.115420"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"378","volume-title":"Newman and Carranza's Clinical Periodontology","author":"Jonathan HD","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Maciejewski","volume":"4","author":"Matthew L","year":"2020","journal-title":"Quasi\u2010Exp Design Biostat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"S36","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of antiplaque efficacy between essential oils with alcohol\u2010based and chlorhexidine with nonalcohol\u2010based Mouthrinses","volume":"7","author":"Kulkarni P","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prev Community Dent."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/pboci.2020.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2007.01733.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-017-0454-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Efficacy of two commercially available Oral rinses\u2010chlorohexidine and Listrine on plaque and gingivitis \u2010 a comparative study","volume":"5","author":"Goutham BS","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Int Oral Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44164-9"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","first-page":"ZC69","article-title":"Inhibition of tongue coat and dental plaque formation by stabilized chlorine dioxide vs chlorhexidine mouth rinse: a randomized, triple blinded study","volume":"9","author":"Yadav SR","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-010-1040-6"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"1412","article-title":"Site\u2010specific mouth rinsing can improve oral odor by altering bacterial counts. 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