{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:17:49Z","timestamp":1789643869129,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102018R1A2B6006701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102018R1A2B6006701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dental Hygiene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effects of a smartphone\u2010based oral and whole\u2010body exercise programme on oral function in older adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals aged 65\u2009years or above were randomized into three groups (non\u2010app use, app use and control group), and a combined oral and whole\u2010body exercise programme was conducted for 5\u2009weeks. Oral muscle strength, saliva flow rate, Oral Health Impact Profile\u201014 (OHIP\u201014), and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) were measured before and after the intervention. The changes in each group were analysed at the end of the programme using paired sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests, and the differences among the groups were analysed using the chi\u2010square test, Fisher's exact test and ANOVA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The anterior tongue strength increased by 2.80\u2009kPa after the intervention in the non\u2010app use group; however, the change was not statistically significant. In the app use group, the anterior tongue strength significantly increased by 4.48\u2009kPa. The saliva flow rate increased by 0.54 and 0.71\u2009g\/min in the non\u2010app and app use groups, respectively, after the intervention (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and the change was greater in the app use group than in the other groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). There were no significant changes in the posterior tongue strength, cheek strength, OHIP\u201014 or GOHAI scores over the course of the study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A smartphone\u2010based combined oral and whole\u2010body exercise programme can improve anterior tongue strength and saliva flow rate in older participants. The programme, however, did not result in significant changes in posterior tongue strength, cheek strength and perceived oral health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T10:15:07Z","timestamp":1712916907000},"page":"905-912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Smartphone\u2010based combined oral and whole\u2010body exercise programme aimed at improving oral functions: A randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3459-6108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Seo","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21 FOUR R&amp;E Center for Learning Health Systems and Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School Korea University  Seoul 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