{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T04:22:01Z","timestamp":1767068521710,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dental Hygiene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID\u201019 pandemic emerged in late 2019 and led to unprecedented global lockdowns, disrupting numerous industries, including dentistry. This study aimed to investigate the practicing conditions, personal protective equipment (PPE) usage, and impact of the pandemic on dental hygienists (DHs) in Japan, where strict lockdowns were not enforced but compliance to reduce infection spread was high, and healthcare clinics remained open.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study utilised an online survey distributed to 354 dental hygiene vocational school graduates in Tokyo, Japan, between May 9 and June 5, 2022. The questionnaire, adapted from a New Zealand Dental &amp; Oral Health Therapists Association survey, collected data on demographics, practicing conditions, the impact of COVID\u201019 on DHs, personal protective equipment usage, and stress levels during different COVID\u201019 waves.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 354 DHs, 77 (21.8%) provided valid responses. Most (94.8%) worked in Tokyo and neighbouring areas, with 85.7% working at private institutions. The COVID\u201019 pandemic led to ceasing work (11.3%), reduced working days (27.3%), decreased patient visits (49.4%), and changes in personal protective equipment usage. High\u2010stress levels peaked during the first wave (46.8%) and fell during the fifth (37.7%) and sixth (11.7%) waves. The most common stress factors were related to inhibiting stress relief, infection risk, and protection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID\u201019 pandemic impacted DHs\u2019 working conditions, personal protective equipment usage, and stress levels in Japan. Despite not facing a strict lockdown, DHs, who have experienced detrimental changes in the work environment, will need post\u2010pandemic support that considers droplet infection protection and practitioner well\u2010being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.70015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T19:14:53Z","timestamp":1765134893000},"page":"108-115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 on Dental Hygienists' Stress and Workplace Conditions in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Rieko","family":"Takemae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Nishinomori Dental Hygienist School  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6806-1630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroteru","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Welfare, Faculty of Health Sciences Kyorin University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4005-9209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masanari","family":"Takemae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Nishinomori Dental Hygienist School  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zac","family":"Morse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry American University of Iraq\u2010Baghdad  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00476"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"The New Coronavirus (COVID\u201019) Declared as a Global Pandemic","volume":"1","author":"Koundi L. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Respiratory Diseases & Treatment"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10676-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.29349"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"International Federation of Dental Hygienists \u201cIFDH COVID\u201019 Survey Results\u201d(2020) https:\/\/www.henryschein.com\/us\u2010en\/images\/dental\/IFDH_SurveyResults_Covid19.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06443-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Employment Patterns of Dental Hygienists in the United States During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic","volume":"95","author":"Gurenlian J. 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