{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:32:44Z","timestamp":1786480364119,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dental Hygiene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pursuit of whiter teeth has led to the innovation of various colour enhancement products, including toothpaste formulations containing blue covarine. This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis assesses their efficacy and safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of blue covarine\u2010containing toothpaste in colour enhancement and its safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a comprehensive search of databases such as PubMed, Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Reviews, from inception until march 25, 2023. Eligible studies involved human participants using toothpaste with blue covarine and reported on its efficacy and safety in tooth colour perception altering. the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JBI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      critical appraisal tools were used to assess the risk of bias.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The meta\u2010analysis synthesised data from several studies that measured tooth colour improvement and perception of tooth colour. Results showed significant improvement in tooth colour and perceived brightness in individuals using blue covarine toothpaste compared to placebo or other methods. Subgroup analyses revealed consistent results across varying study designs, sample sizes, and follow\u2010up durations. However, limitations such as study heterogeneity and small sample sizes were noted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Toothpaste containing blue covarine is effective for tooth colour perception altering and can be recommended as a non\u2010invasive option by dental professionals, taking into account individual baseline tooth colour and oral health. While promising, the long\u2010term safety and effects of such toothpaste warrant further research. Dental professionals should personalise treatment recommendations and prioritise patient education to optimise outcomes. Future research should focus on long\u2010term impacts, different formulations, and larger diverse samples to fully elucidate the safety and efficacy profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.70019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T04:42:01Z","timestamp":1766378521000},"page":"307-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Blue Covarine in Toothpaste: A Comprehensive Review and Meta Analysis of Efficacy, Safety, and Potential Effects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Jelen\u010diakova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Novi Sad  Novi Sad Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3575-3921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bojan","family":"Petrovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Novi Sad  Novi Sad Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Koji\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technical Sciences University of Novi Sad  Novi Sad Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lazar","family":"Mili\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technical Sciences University of Novi Sad  Novi Sad Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Luzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Nano Science and Technology (CNST)  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goran M.","family":"Stojanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technical Sciences University of Novi Sad  Novi Sad Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"NIST \u201cCopper Phthalocyanine CI 74160 \u201daccessed on 28 May 2023 https:\/\/webbook.nist.gov\/cgi\/cbook.cgi?ID=147\u201014\u20108."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfz179"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/psr-2020-0194"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c01412"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201808256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.200700177"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200903193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200701920"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm103326n"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2012.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47835-7_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202000757"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201700181"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/qr9641800113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b01718"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.200403071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dj7030079"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103423"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000350456"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"S36","article-title":"Present and Future Technologies of Tooth Whitening","volume":"21","author":"Viscio D.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry. 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