{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:01:01Z","timestamp":1790697661394,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dental Hygiene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Behaviour change theories have gained traction in oral health care literature in the context of toothbrushing behaviour modification. This scoping review examines the effectiveness of interventions for improving home\u2010based toothbrushing behaviour in children aged 18\u2009years and below, using behaviour change theory to inform the design and methodology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review adopted the JBI methodology. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus and BASE) were combed for relevant literature published between 1980 and April 2025. The search strategy included keywords related to behaviour change theory, toothbrushing and children. Screening was done independently by three reviewer teams (2 members in each team) in two phases, and inter\u2010rater reliability was assessed. Data from eligible articles were extracted in Microsoft Excel using predefined variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010one studies with wide heterogeneity published between 2011 and 2024 were included in this review. Behaviour change theories used were Social Cognitive Theory, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Health Action Process Approach, Motivational Interviewing and Health Belief Theory. Majority were conducted in China, UK, Iran and USA. A wide variation in the reported outcomes was observed. Notably, 71.4% of these studies reported an increase in self\u2010reported toothbrushing frequency, while three studies did not find significant improvement. Increased self\u2010efficacy and increased knowledge regarding toothbrushing were noted in 11 (52.4%) and seven studies (33.3%) respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Since 2011, toothbrushing interventions have increasingly incorporated behaviour change theories. The utilisation of theory\u2010based interventions has demonstrated effectiveness in improving home\u2010based toothbrushing in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.70054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T03:43:16Z","timestamp":1775878996000},"page":"846-877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use of Behaviour Change Theory to Improve Home\u2010Based Toothbrushing Practice in Children: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"W Siti Norzuraihan W","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Paediatric &amp; Special Care Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurul Zeety","family":"Azizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Paediatric &amp; Special Care Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"In","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Social Sciences IMU University  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5766-1887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shani Ann","family":"Mani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Paediatric &amp; Special Care Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-021-3775-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-020-00237-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Dental Interventions to Prevent Caries in Children","author":"Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516655315"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113322"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-019-00463-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_349_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2014.941722"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Motivational Interviewing: An Evidence\u2010Based Approach for Use in Medical Practice","volume":"118","author":"Bischof G.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-0597.2008.00341.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13548500802537903"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12356"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02291-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1059840514544034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","article-title":"Community\u2010Based Population\u2010Level Interventions for Promoting Child Oral Health","volume":"9","author":"Silva A. 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