{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:02:02Z","timestamp":1790697722337,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dental Hygiene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective was to compare the effectiveness of hands\u2010on toothbrushing training alone or in conjunction with conventional oral health education (OHE) or with the use of the 21\u2010Day FunDee chatbot on the caregiver's oral hygiene care and plaque control for young children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A quasi\u2010experimental, parallel, three\u2010group pretest\u2010posttest designed study was applied. The participants included 213 pairs of caregivers and children aged 6\u201330\u2009months. Each group consisted of 71 pairs of caregivers and children. Participants were divided into three groups: Gr. I was the Hands\u2010On (HO) in\u2010person tooth brushing practice group, Gr. II was the Hands\u2010On and Poster (HO\u2009+\u2009PO) group with in\u2010person tooth brushing practice and OHE via posters and Gr. III was the Hands\u2010On and Chatbot group (HO\u2009+\u2009CB) with in\u2010person tooth brushing practice and 21\u2010Day FunDee chatbot media. Oral examinations and a structured questionnaire compared oral hygiene behaviours, oral health perceptions, knowledge and plaque levels among the three groups at baseline and 35\u201345\u2009days subsequently. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the difference between the three groups on plaque reduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The majority of caregivers were Muslim mothers. The plaque score reduction was 0.34\u2009\u00b1\u20090.30, 0.50\u2009\u00b1\u20090.23 and 0.52\u2009\u00b1\u20090.25 for Gr. I, II and III, respectively. Compared with the Hands\u2010On group, there was a statistically significant difference in plaque reduction for the Hands\u2010On and Poster group (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2010value<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039) and the Hands\u2010On and Chatbot group (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2010value<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.047). The baseline frequency of tooth brushing was an important determinant for plaque reduction (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2010value<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007). However, there was no significant association between baseline knowledge, protection\u2010motivation theory perceptions or educational levels regarding plaque reduction. Both conventional OHE and 21\u2010Day FunDee chatbot media received high user satisfaction ratings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Caregiver\u2010assisted toothbrushing, combined with either conventional oral health education or chatbot support, significantly improved oral hygiene care and plaque control in young children compared with hands\u2010on toothbrushing training alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.70066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T03:51:29Z","timestamp":1777261889000},"page":"642-650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of an Oral Health Chatbot Based on Protection\u2010Motivation Theory on Plaque Reduction in Young Children: A Quasi\u2010Experimental Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jaranya","family":"Hunsrisakhun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Improvement of Oral Health Care Research Unit, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Prince of Songkla University  Songkhla Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2840-327X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Supawadee","family":"Naorungroj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Prince of Songkla University  Songkhla Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narisa","family":"Heemsuree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yaring Hospital  Pattani Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6697-4751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samerchit","family":"Pithpornchaiyakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Improvement of Oral Health Care Research Unit, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Prince of Songkla University  Songkhla Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Global Oral Health Status Report: Towards Universal Health Coverage for Oral Health by 2030","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12362"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12484"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"Dental Health Bureau \u201cThe 9th National oral health survey report \u201d(2023)."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Risk Factors for Dental Caries in Young Children: A Systematic Review of the Literature","volume":"21","author":"Harris R.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Community Dental Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2022.101732"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12687"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Oral Health Promotion and Prevention of Early Childhood Caries","volume":"22","author":"Ungchusak C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thai Dental Public Health Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00850.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0857-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12658"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.1975.9915803"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","article-title":"One\u2010To\u2010One Oral Hygiene Advice Provided in a Dental Setting for Oral Health","volume":"10","author":"Soldani F. 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