{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:00:32Z","timestamp":1790697632102,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dental Hygiene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Nowadays, there is a trend to promote the use of natural materials in dentistry. One of these compounds that has lately grown significantly in relevance in clinical research is\n \n Pelargonium Graveolens<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of\n \n Pelargonium Graveolens<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n leaves extract for children in comparison with the commonly used chlorhexidine. There are no previously available studies concerning the anti\u2010microbial activity of\n \n Pelargonium Graveolens<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n leaves.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Method<\/jats:title>\n \n Sixty participants with mild to moderate gingivitis were randomly allocated in a ratio of 1:1 to receive twice\u2010daily mouthwash for 3\u2009weeks (30 with a novel herbal mouthwash containing\n \n Pelargonium Graveolens<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n AuNPs as a study group and 30 children with chlorhexidine as a control group). Clinical parameters (plaque index and gingival index) were assessed at the baseline (before the use of mouthwash), and then they were assessed 3 times at one\u2010week intervals after the first assessment through the period of the study. On the other hand, microbiological examination was done using supragingival plaque sampling with a curette for those participants at the baseline and three weeks after the use of the mouthwash.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n After completing the intervention, although the study group had lower plaque scores compared to the control group, the difference was statistically significant. On the other hand, the study group had a significant reduction in the gingival index scores compared to the control group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.000). The microbiological analysis revealed that the treatment mouthwash significantly depleted the count of\n \n S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in the last visit.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n The novel\n \n Pelargonium Graveolens<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n AuNPs mouthwash was effective in improving (PI) and (GI), which mean improve oral health status. Rinsing with\n \n Pelargonium Graveolens<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n AuNPs mouthwash reduced the count of oral\n \n Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n significantly in children. Clinical trial registration Number:\n ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n on April 15, 2023, with\n ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n ID: NCT05816512.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.70071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T03:45:54Z","timestamp":1777261554000},"page":"495-505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial Efficacy of Pelargonium Graveolens Gold Nanoparticles: A Novel Mouthwash for Children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8038-3475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Yousif Mahdi","family":"Asker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4936-4927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aseel Haidar M. J.","family":"Al Haidar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hasan MMAAJpdj","volume":"30","author":"Alnouri D. M. A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Effect of Aloe Vera Mouthwash on Dental Plaque and Gingivitis Indices in Children: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"Al Haidar AHMJDH","volume":"13","author":"Kadhem D. 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