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Dental caries was assessed in accordance with the World Health Organisation Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods. To predict the presence of dental caries, established caries risk factors were identified based on previous studies. Predictive models were constructed using regularised Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), XGBoost and CatBoost algorithms, and model performance was evaluated using the area under curve (AUC) and additional metrics. The importance of key predictors was visualised using SHAP values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 18,671 participants aged 12\u2009years, of whom 51.6% were boys and 48.4% were girls; 92.9% resided in urban areas. Overall, 6.9% of participants had dental caries in permanent teeth. Ridge LR achieved the highest performance on the weighted test set (AUC: 0.724, 95% CI: 0.690\u20130.754). The most important predictors of dental caries, ranked by importance, included the absence of sealants, poorer self\u2010perceived oral health, unmet dental treatment needs, lack of preventive dental care within the past year, girls, gingival bleeding, lack of oral health education, absence of orthodontic appliances, non\u2010use of dental floss, and tooth pain or discomfort. Furthermore, dental caries was more likely among individuals with lower perceived household economic status, higher consumption of beverages and snacks, residence in rural areas and a lower frequency of tooth brushing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings underscore the importance of preventive oral behaviours; integrating predictive models into public health initiatives could help target interventions and improve oral health outcomes in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.70118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:10:18Z","timestamp":1782274218000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Machine Learning\u2010Based Prediction of Dental Caries in 12\u2010Year\u2010Old Adolescents: A Nationwide Cross\u2010Sectional Study in Korea"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5145-5912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gahyun","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, and Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems Korea University  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management College of Health Science, Korea University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2043-2575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hae\u2010Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, and Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems Korea University  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management College of Health Science, Korea University  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Care Sciences Graduate School, Korea University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4866-5412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki\u2010Bong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, and Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems Korea University  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management College of Health Science, Korea University  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Care Sciences Graduate School, Korea University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8824-9016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunmi","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, and Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems Korea University  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health and Environmental Science College of Health Science, Korea University  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy College of Health Science, Korea University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5494-4582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junesun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, and Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems Korea University  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health and Environmental Science College of Health Science, Korea University  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy College of Health Science, Korea University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12294"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cOral Health \u201d(2024) accessed August 13 2024 https:\/\/www.who.int\/health\u2010topics\/oral\u2010health#tab=tab_1."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"M21","article-title":"Microbiology of Dental Caries","volume":"3","author":"Karpi\u0144ski T. 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