{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:02:12Z","timestamp":1789448532939,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dental Hygiene"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven largely by a dysregulated host immune response to bacterial biofilm. Omega\u20103 polyunsaturated fatty acids have anti\u2010inflammatory and pro\u2010resolving properties and have been proposed as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP), but findings across individual trials remain inconsistent. This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of adjunctive omega\u20103 fatty acids compared with SRP alone or SRP plus placebo in patients with periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, grey literature and Google Scholar was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and Cochrane Handbook guidelines. Randomized controlled trials comparing SRP with adjunctive omega\u20103 supplementation to SRP alone or SRP plus placebo were included. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were pooled as mean differences (MD), given that these outcomes were measured in the same unit (millimetres) across studies, while gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque index (PI) were pooled as standardized mean differences (SMD), reflecting differing measurement scales. A random\u2010effects model (Restricted Maximum\u2010Likelihood method) was used, with heterogeneity quantified by the\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n statistic. Two sensitivity analyses were performed for each outcome: a leave\u2010one\u2010out analysis and a separate analysis excluding the one study whose data were converted from medians and interquartile ranges. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Fifteen randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Adjunctive omega\u20103 significantly reduced PPD (15 studies,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009617; MD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.43\u2009mm; 95% CI \u22120.68 to \u22120.18;\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u200992%) and improved CAL (12 studies,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009514; MD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.47\u2009mm; 95% CI \u22120.76 to \u22120.18;\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u200989%). Significant benefits favouring omega\u20103 were also found for GI (7 studies,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009297; SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.59; 95% CI \u22121.09 to \u22120.09;\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u200976%), BOP (7 studies,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009318; SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.95; 95% CI \u22121.60 to \u22120.31;\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u200986%) and PI (9 studies,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009407; SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.34; 95% CI \u22120.66 to \u22120.02;\n I<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u200960%). Both sensitivity analyses confirmed the direction and statistical significance of all pooled estimates. Certainty of evidence, assessed by GRADE, ranged from very low to low across outcomes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Adjunctive omega\u20103 fatty acid supplementation was associated with statistically significant improvements in PPD, CAL, GI, BOP and PI compared with SRP alone or SRP plus placebo. However, given the very low to low certainty of the underlying evidence and the substantial heterogeneity across included trials, these findings should be interpreted with caution, and omega\u20103 supplementation should currently be regarded as a supportive adjunct rather than a substitute for conventional periodontal therapy pending higher\u2010certainty evidence from standardized trials.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.70166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T04:04:18Z","timestamp":1789445058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of Omega\u20103 Fatty Acids as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Periodontitis: A Meta\u2010Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3290-409X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Onaiza","family":"Kulsum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5720-603X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Odontologia Do Recife Recife Pernambuco Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3810-677X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad Shoeb","family":"Hashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Dr Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India"},{"name":"Department of Dental Research Cell Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri Pune Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5669-5716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narinder Dev","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Dr Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4756-217X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saif","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Dr Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-020-01267-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091838"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.736"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-3690"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05835-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.19-0613"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03018-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"1635","article-title":"Adjunctive Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis","volume":"81","author":"El\u2010Sharkawy H.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5051\/jpis.2014.44.1.25"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"226","article-title":"Adjunctive Low\u2010Dose Aspirin Plus Omega\u20103 Fatty Acid Versus Low\u2010Dose Doxycycline on Chronic Periodontitis","volume":"26","author":"Farhad S. Z.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Iranian Dental Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12257"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_16_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2017.1357509"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_528_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092614"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02569-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"S3670","article-title":"Effect of Omega\u20103 Fatty Acid Supplementation","volume":"16","author":"Ali E. M. A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.24-0322"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.6.1505S"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.080173"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dental Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/idh.70166","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/idh.70166","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/idh.70166","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T04:04:19Z","timestamp":1789445059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/idh.70166"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/idh.70166"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/idh.70166","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1601-5029","1601-5037"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1601-5029","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-5037","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"idh.70166"}}