{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:49:59Z","timestamp":1791521399978,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dental Hygiene"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Professional Mechanical Plaque Removal (PMPR) in paediatric patients can be challenging due to limited cooperation and access. The use of plaque disclosing agents (PD) in combination with air\u2010flowing devices employing low\u2010abrasiveness powders has demonstrated improved plaque removal in adults, with additional advantages in terms of comfort and treatment efficiency. This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the residual plaque area (RPA) on anterior vestibular sextants after PMPR with and without PD and erythritol\u2010based air\u2010flowing (AF) in children. Secondary outcomes included post\u2010treatment Full Mouth Plaque Score (FMPS), treatment duration and feedback from both patients and the clinicians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 120 children aged 6\u201312\u2009years were randomized to one of four groups: air\u2010flowing with plaque disclosing (AF\u2009+\u2009PD), air\u2010flowing alone (AF), rubber cup and polishing paste with plaque disclosing (CUP\u2009+\u2009PD) or rubber cup and polishing paste alone (CUP). After treatment, PD was reapplied, FMPS was recorded and RPA was assessed via computer\u2010assisted photographic analysis. Treatment time was measured and feedback from patients and clinicians was collected via structured questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AF\u2009+\u2009PD achieved significantly lower RPA\u2014on anterior vestibular sextants\u2014and FMPS values compared with all other methods. CUP took significantly less time but was the least effective for plaque removal. Although all approaches were rated positively, both children and clinicians expressed a preference for AF\u2010based methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combination of plaque disclosing and air\u2010flowing significantly enhances plaque removal in paediatric patients, while improving the treatment experience for both patients and clinicians. AF\u2009+\u2009PD may represent a valuable adjunct to paediatric preventive protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: (NCT06765343)<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.70175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:15:22Z","timestamp":1791519322000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Air\u2010Flowing and Plaque Disclosing for Professional Biofilm Removal in Paediatric Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Four Techniques"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5807-9338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mensi","family":"Magda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"},{"name":"UOC Odontostomatologia ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scotti","family":"Eleonora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"},{"name":"UOC Odontostomatologia ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7825-2362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marchetti","family":"Silvia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"},{"name":"UOC Odontostomatologia ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7597-9421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Garzetti","family":"Gianluca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7004-1885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sordillo","family":"Annamaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dal\u00e8","family":"Matteo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"},{"name":"UOC Odontostomatologia ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maffeis","family":"Elisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4996-7995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calza","family":"Stefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3955-4794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Bardellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Odontostomatologia ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia  Brescia Italy"},{"name":"Section of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228595"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"S5","article-title":"Role of Microbial Biofilms in the Maintenance of Oral Health and in the Development of Dental Caries and Periodontal Diseases. 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