{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T10:19:23Z","timestamp":1783073963398,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":792,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004591","name":"Kansainv\u00e4lisen Liikkuvuuden ja Yhteisty\u00f6n Keskus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004591","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Dental Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T03:27:40Z","timestamp":1524626860000},"page":"348-358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Oral health status associated with sociodemographic factors of Nepalese schoolchildren: a population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Saujanya","family":"Karki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marja-Liisa","family":"Laitala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj","family":"Humagain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjo","family":"Sepp\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jari","family":"P\u00e4kkila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vuokko","family":"Anttonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513490168","article-title":"Global burden of oral conditions in 1990-2010: a systematic analysis","volume":"92","author":"Marcenes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib2","series-title":"Oral Health Fact Sheet","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-016-0316-7","article-title":"Oral health and coronary heart disease","volume":"16","author":"Mathews","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182902e95","article-title":"Characteristics and management of patients requiring hospitalization for treatment of odontogenic infections","volume":"24","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib5","first-page":"661","article-title":"The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health","volume":"83","author":"Petersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"60","key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib6","first-page":"98","article-title":"Oral health care systems in developing and developed countries","volume":"2012","author":"Kandelman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib7","series-title":"Nepal National Oral Health \u2018Pathfinder\u2019 Survey 2004","author":"Yee","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib8","series-title":"Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib9","first-page":"39","article-title":"Economic effects of conflict on the Economy in Nepal: before and after 2006","volume":"7","author":"Adhikary","year":"2016","journal-title":"e-JSBRBJ"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib10","series-title":"Caste, Ethnic and Regional Identity in Nepal: Further Analysis of the 2006 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey","author":"Lynn","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2009.00514.x","article-title":"PUFA\u2013an index of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries","volume":"38","author":"Monse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374940080010901","article-title":"Epidemiologic indices for measuring the clinical manifestations of dental fluorosis: overview and critique","volume":"8","author":"Rozier","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adv Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511434355","article-title":"Distribution of caries in children: variations between and within populations","volume":"91","author":"Do","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib14","first-page":"29","article-title":"Caries prevalence of 5, 12 and 15-year-old Greek children: a national pathfinder survey","volume":"29","author":"Oulis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-9-29","article-title":"Oral health and the impact of socio-behavioural factors in a cross sectional survey of 12-year old school children in Laos","volume":"9","author":"J\u00fcrgensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib16","unstructured":"Karki S, Laitala M, Humagain M et al. Adaptation and validation of a nepali version of the child-oral impacts on daily performances index (Child-OIDP). Community Dent Health (in press)."},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e142","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12230","article-title":"Association between oral health habits and dental caries among children in Pyongyang, Democratic People\u2019s Republic of Korea","volume":"15","author":"Tarvonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Dent Hyg"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib18","first-page":"358","article-title":"Where is Nepal in the nutrition transition?","volume":"26","author":"Subedi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3126\/jnhrc.v15i2.18199","article-title":"Dentists in Nepal: a situation analysis","volume":"15","author":"Shrestha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nepal Health Res Counc"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib20","first-page":"63","article-title":"Oral health and access to dental care: a qualitative exploration in rural Quebec","volume":"19","author":"Emami","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can J Rural Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-13-20","article-title":"Dental caries prevalence, oral health knowledge and practice among indigenous Chepang school children of Nepal","volume":"13","author":"Prasai Dixit","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib22","series-title":"A study on Socio-Economic Status of Indigenous Peoples in Nepal","author":"Subba","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1998.tb02102.x","article-title":"Early childhood caries\u2013a synopsis","volume":"26","author":"Davies","year":"1998","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-9-15","article-title":"Oral health status of 12-year-old school children in Khartoum state, the Sudan; a school-based survey","volume":"9","author":"Nurelhuda","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.47811\/bhj.16","article-title":"National oral health survey in 6- and 12-year-old Bhutanese school children","volume":"2","author":"Ngedup","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bhutan Health J"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib26","first-page":"46","article-title":"Dental caries experience among Albanian pre-school children: a national survey","volume":"34","author":"Hysi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12177","article-title":"Dental caries, fluorosis, and oral health behavior of children from Herat, Afghanistan.","volume":"43","author":"Schwendicke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210600903010154","article-title":"The relationship between bleeding on probing and subgingival deposits. An endoscopical evaluation","volume":"3","author":"Checchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Open Dent J"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1993.tb00328.x","article-title":"Relationship of \u201cbleeding on probing\u201d and \u201cgingival index bleeding\u201d as clinical parameters of gingival inflammation","volume":"20","author":"Chaves","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1997.tb00489.x","article-title":"The achievement and maintenance of inter-examiner consistency in the assessment of plaque and gingivitis during a multicentre study based in general dental practices","volume":"24","author":"Eaton","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12166","article-title":"The associations of socioeconomic status and social capital with gingival bleeding among schoolchildren","volume":"77","author":"Tomazoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Public Health Dent"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1986.tb00852.x","article-title":"Bleeding on probing. A predictor for the progression of periodontal disease?","volume":"13","author":"Lang","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1989.tb01674.x","article-title":"Gingival health and gingivitis development during puberty. A 4-year longitudinal study","volume":"16","author":"Mombelli","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12252","article-title":"Traumatic dental injuries and socioeconomic position - findings from the Children\u2019s Dental Health Survey 2013","volume":"44","author":"Blokland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2008.00694.x","article-title":"Aetiology and risk factors related to traumatic dental injuries\u2013a review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"Glendor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2010.00538.x","article-title":"Caries prevalence of permanent teeth: a national survey of children in Iceland using ICDAS","volume":"38","author":"Agustsdottir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","article-title":"Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"McHugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-12-9","article-title":"Geo-mapping of time trends in childhood caries risk\u2013a method for assessment of preventive care","volume":"12","author":"Str\u00f6mberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1159\/000346435","article-title":"Geographical distribution of dental caries prevalence and associated factors in young adults in Finland","volume":"47","author":"K\u00e4mppi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.071783","article-title":"Health geography: supporting public health policy and planning","volume":"178","author":"Dummer","year":"2008","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib41","first-page":"69","article-title":"Fluoride and oral health","volume":"33","author":"Mullane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511429349","article-title":"Community-oriented administration of fluoride for the prevention of dental caries: a summary of the current situation in Asia","volume":"24","author":"Petersen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2003.tb00749.x","article-title":"An advocacy project to fluoridate toothpastes in Nepal","volume":"53","author":"Yee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8603-4-7","article-title":"Global affordability of fluoride toothpaste","volume":"4","author":"Goldman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Globalization and Health"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1177\/0810767","article-title":"Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride and sodium fluoride varnish in arresting dentin caries in Chinese pre-school children","volume":"81","author":"Chu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/idj.12393_bib46","series-title":"Guideline: Sugars Intake for Adults and Children","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["International Dental Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fidj.12393","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020653920320694?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020653920320694?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1111\/idj.12393\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T10:42:47Z","timestamp":1758105767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020653920320694"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0020653920320694"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/idj.12393","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-6539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-6539","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Oral health status associated with sociodemographic factors of Nepalese schoolchildren: a population-based study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Dental Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/idj.12393","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2018 FDI World Dental Federation. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}