{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:04:31Z","timestamp":1762430671072},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,28]],"date-time":"2012-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop a novel root\u2010end filling material (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NRFM<\/jats:styled-content>) based on hydroxyapatite, tetracalcium phosphate and polyacrylic acid, to determine its chemical composition and to compare its physical properties and cytotoxicity with those of glass\u2013ionomer cement (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIC<\/jats:styled-content>) and grey <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ortland cement (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPC<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NRFM<\/jats:styled-content> was prepared by blending distilled water with powders of hydroxyapatite, tetracalcium phosphate, solid polyacrylic acid, solid citric acid and sodium citrate. Chemical analysis was then performed by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">X<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry. Physical properties were compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIC<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPC<\/jats:styled-content> regarding setting time, compressive strength, p<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content> value and washout resistance; cytotoxicity was assessed using a transwell cell culture system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>(i) The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NRFM<\/jats:styled-content> was primarily composed of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HA<\/jats:styled-content>, calcium polyacrylate and calcium citrate. (ii) The mean and standard deviation setting time of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NRFM<\/jats:styled-content> was 11.0 (0.8) min; its compressive strength was 25.6 (2.7) MPa and 38.2 (5.7) MPa at 1 and 7\u00a0days respectively. Its p<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content> value ranged from 6.14 to 8.28 and it remained intact after the washout test, whereas <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIC<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPC<\/jats:styled-content> disintegrated. (iii) Dimethyl\u2010thiazol\u2010diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTT<\/jats:styled-content>) and crystal violet (CV) assay revealed that cell\u2010viability on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NRFM<\/jats:styled-content> was not significantly different form that of the negative control group after treatment for 24, 48 and 72\u00a0h.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The novel root\u2010end filling material (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NRFM<\/jats:styled-content>) is a promising root\u2010end filling material with good physicochemical properties and low cytotoxicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,16]],"date-time":"2012-10-16T12:56:50Z","timestamp":1350392210000},"page":"556-564","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A 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