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Group (1), considered the control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a018), was further divided into two subgroups. The negative control subgroup (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06) received no treatment. The empty tube subgroup (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012) received empty sterile <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>eflon tubes. In Group (2), considered the experimental group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a024), the rats were divided equally into two subgroups. One subgroup received <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTA<\/jats:styled-content>, whilst the other received <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>io<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ggregate. The materials in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>eflon tubes were implanted subcutaneously in the dorsal side of the rats. Blood samples were taken to investigate the change of kidney and liver functions on day 7 and day 30. The liver and kidney organs were subjected to histopathological examination and calculation of the number of inflammatory cells. Data analysis was performed using one\u2010way <jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc> with <jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic> multiple comparisons with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>ukey's test. Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test was used to compare the changes in liver and kidney functions amongst the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>On day 7, a significantly more severe inflammatory reaction was observed in both experimental subgroups compared with the control (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05); the severity decreased after 30\u00a0days. The kidney functions were not affected after 7\u00a0days but had subsequently increased after 30\u00a0days (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Liver functions increased after 7\u00a0days and had decreased in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>io<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ggregate subgroup after 30\u00a0days, whilst in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTA<\/jats:styled-content> subgroup, a continuous increase in the level of liver function was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mineral trioxide aggregate had adverse effects on the liver and kidney that were significantly more severe than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>io<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ggregate but with no permanent damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,18]],"date-time":"2012-12-18T17:20:59Z","timestamp":1355851259000},"page":"730-737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Biocompatibility of <scp>B<\/scp>io<scp>A<\/scp>ggregate and mineral trioxide aggregate on the liver and kidney"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"W. 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