{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T20:22:13Z","timestamp":1789762933546,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]],"date-time":"2013-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate antibiofilm activity against <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> pH<\/jats:styled-content> and solubility of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AH<\/jats:styled-content> Plus, Sealer 26, Epiphany <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>, Sealapex, Activ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> MTA<\/jats:styled-content> Fillapex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>) and an experimental <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based Sealer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sealer samples were manipulated and stored for 2 or 7\u00a0days. Prepared sealers were evaluated by a modified direct contact test (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DCT<\/jats:styled-content>) for 5\u00a0h, 10\u00a0h or 15\u00a0h with biofilm previously induced on bovine dentine for 14\u00a0days. In the control group, the biofilm was not exposed to the sealers. The number of colony\u2010forming units (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content> mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) in the remaining biofilm was determined. Sealer solubility was assessed by the percentage of mass loss after 15\u00a0h of immersion in distilled water. Sealer <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> was measured at 5\u00a0h, 10\u00a0h and 15\u00a0h. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal\u2013Wallis and Dunn or <jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc> and Tamhane's T2 tests, at 5% significance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At 2\u00a0days post\u2010manipulation, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DCT<\/jats:styled-content> showed that Sealapex and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010F were associated with a reduction in the number of bacteria in all 3 contact periods evaluated, compared with the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). At 7\u00a0days, Sealapex had the greatest antibiofilm action at 10\u00a0h and 15\u00a0h. Sealapex had the highest <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> values 2 and 7\u00a0days post\u2010manipulation. Regarding the solubility, at 2\u00a0days the highest values were observed for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> MTA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>, Sealapex and Activ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). At 7\u00a0days, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content> had greater solubility than the other materials (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AH<\/jats:styled-content> Plus had the lowest solubility for both post\u2010manipulation periods (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sealapex and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content> were associated with a reduction in the number of bacteria in biofilms and had greater solubility. The high solubility and pH may be related to the antibacterial activity of these materials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]],"date-time":"2013-02-26T12:36:27Z","timestamp":1361882187000},"page":"755-762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Antibiofilm activity, pH and solubility of endodontic sealers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"N. 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