{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T11:47:31Z","timestamp":1782301651734,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,18]],"date-time":"2013-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the efficacy of reciprocating and rotary techniques with that of hand files for removing gutta\u2010percha and sealer from root canals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>The root canals of fifty\u2010four human extracted maxillary central incisors were cleaned and shaped using a crown\u2010down technique to a size 40 and filled with gutta\u2010percha and a zinc oxide\u2013eugenol\u2010based sealer using a lateral compaction technique. Teeth were divided into three groups according to the technique used for removing the root filling material: group I \u2013 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>ates\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>lidden burs and stainless steel hand files up to size 50; group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> \u2013 rotary technique with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>i<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>i <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content> files and additional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>two files to size 50, 0.04 taper; group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> \u2013 reciprocating technique with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>eciproc instrument <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>50, size 50, 0.05 taper. Chloroform was used as a solvent in all groups. Teeth were then split longitudinally and photographed under 8\u00d7 magnification. The images were transferred to a computer, and the total canal space and remaining filling material were quantified. The ratio of remaining filling material to root canal periphery was computed with the aid of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>mage <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>ool 3.0 software. The mean percentages of remaining filling material and time required to remove it were compared using the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>ruskal\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>allis and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ann\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>hitney tests (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean percentage of remaining filling material was significantly higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) in group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>, with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>two rotary files (12.17%), than in group I, with the hand file technique (7.19%), and group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>, with Reciproc instruments (4.57%), which were statistically similar (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). The time required to remove filling material was significantly shorter (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) in group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> (194\u00a0s), followed by group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> (365\u00a0s) and group I (725\u00a0s) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Remaining endodontic filling material was observed on the canal walls of all teeth regardless of the technique used. Hand files combined with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>ates\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>lidden burs (group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>) and the reciprocating technique (group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>) removed more filling material from the canal walls than the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content> files. The reciprocating technique was the most rapid method for removing gutta\u2010percha and sealer, followed by the rotary technique and the hand file technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,12]],"date-time":"2013-02-12T08:57:11Z","timestamp":1360659431000},"page":"947-953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Efficacy of reciprocating and rotary techniques for removing filling material during root canal retreatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"A. S.","family":"Zuolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics S\u00e3o Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"J. 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