{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:56:43Z","timestamp":1792169803218,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,22]],"date-time":"2013-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate and compare the expression of the pathogen recognition receptors Toll\u2010like receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>) 2 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4, and the hard tissue resorption triad osteoprotegerin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OPG<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2013receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa\u2010B ligand (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANKL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2013receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa\u2010B (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANK<\/jats:styled-content>) in external inflammatory root resorption of endodontic origin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content>) and external cervical root resorption (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECR<\/jats:styled-content>) by immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Formalin\u2010fixed, paraffin\u2010embedded archival specimens collected from teeth that were diagnosed clinically, radiographically and histopathologically with either <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a09) or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECR<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a09) were processed for immunohistochemistry to investigate and compare levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>2, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OPG<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> RANKL<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> RANK<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> CD<\/jats:styled-content>3, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>19 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>83 expression. The histological features were evaluated via haematoxylin and eosin stain. Taylor's modification of the Brown and Brenn Gram stain was used for examining the presence and distribution of bacteria. All stained slides were digitally photographed and qualitatively analysed, and F test and unpaired Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test were used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECR<\/jats:styled-content> showed similar immuno\u2010histopathology characteristics of a fibrovascular connective tissue with varying degrees of inflammatory infiltrate consisting of T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, polymorphonuclear lymphocytes and plasma cells. Colonies of bacteria were identified in the majority of lesions, and this correlated with the cellular expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>2 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>4 in all lesions. Similarly, all lesions showed a significantly higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) level of cells expressing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANKL<\/jats:styled-content> than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OPG<\/jats:styled-content>, indicating hard tissue resorption processes where active in the lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The immunohistopathology patterns of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECR<\/jats:styled-content> samples were consistent with the bacteria\u2010driven <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content> specimens, suggesting bacteria\u2010induced inflammation may be involved in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]],"date-time":"2013-02-15T12:41:04Z","timestamp":1360932064000},"page":"971-981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Expression of Toll\u2010like receptors 2 and 4 and the <scp>OPG<\/scp>\u2013<scp>RANKL<\/scp>\u2013<scp>RANK<\/scp> system in inflammatory external root resorption and external cervical resorption"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Y. 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