{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T15:27:38Z","timestamp":1784215658862,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,3]],"date-time":"2013-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize three radiopaque Magnesium Phosphate Cements (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPC<\/jats:styled-content>s) developed for endodontic purposes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three experimental <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPC<\/jats:styled-content>s containing Bi<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> were formulated. The experimental cements, which consisted of mixtures of magnesium oxide with different phosphate salts, were characterized for setting time, injectability, porosity, compressive strength and phase composition. The long\u2010term sealing ability of the experimental <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPC<\/jats:styled-content>s applied in single\u2010rooted teeth as root canal filling material or as sealer in combination with gutta\u2010percha was also assessed using a highly sensitive fluid filtration system. A mineral trioxide aggregate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTA<\/jats:styled-content>) cement was used as control. Statistical analysis was performed with two\u2010 or three\u2010way analysis of variance (<jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc>) and Tukey's test was used for comparisons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The addition of 10 wt% Bi<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> within the composition of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPC<\/jats:styled-content>s provided an adequate radiopacity for endodontic applications according to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ISO<\/jats:styled-content> 6876 standard. The reaction products resulting from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPC<\/jats:styled-content>s were either struvite (Mg<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NH<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PO<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u00b76H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) or an amorphous sodium magnesium phosphate. The porosity of the three <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPC<\/jats:styled-content>s ranged between 4% and 11%. The initial setting time of the experimental cements was between 6 and 9\u00a0min, attaining high early compressive strength values (17\u201034 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>a within 2\u00a0h). All <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPC<\/jats:styled-content> formulations achieved greater sealing ability than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTA<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05) after 3\u00a0months, which was maintained after 6\u00a0months for two of the experimental cements (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPC<\/jats:styled-content>s had adequate handling and mechanical properties and low degradation rates. Furthermore, a stable sealing ability was demonstrated up to 6\u00a0months when using the cement both as root filling material and as sealer in conjunction with gutta\u2010percha.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]],"date-time":"2013-04-09T11:47:25Z","timestamp":1365508045000},"page":"127-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Magnesium phosphate cements for endodontic applications with improved long\u2010term sealing ability"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Mestres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy Technical University of Catalonia Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER\u2010BBN) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. S.","family":"Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials School of Dentistry University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Manzanares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials School of Dentistry University of Granada Granada Spain"},{"name":"Biomaterials Biomimetics and Biophotonics (B<sup>3<\/sup>) King's College London Dental Institute Guy's Dental Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials School of Dentistry University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Toledano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials School of Dentistry University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. P.","family":"Ginebra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy Technical University of Catalonia Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER\u2010BBN) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Chemical reactions in magnesia\u2010phosphate cements","volume":"35","author":"Abdelrazig FEI","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proceeding of the British Ceramic Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"ASTM International(2003)Standard test method for time of setting of hydraulic\u2010cement paste by Gillmore needles. Designation C 266\u201003."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2005.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Textbook of endodontology","author":"Bergenholtz G","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593332808618857"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2004.00547.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"1188","article-title":"Comparison of seal after obturation techniques using a polydimethylsiloxane\u2010based root canal sealer","volume":"32","author":"Brackett MG","year":"2006","journal-title":"Techniques"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60119a033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2003.00682.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2004.00919.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(86)90384-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2009.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200312000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.DON.0000140566.97319.3e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2010.01763.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345970760041201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4636(200110)57:1<113::AID-JBM1149>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Growth rate kinetics for struvite crystallization","volume":"1939","author":"Harrison ML","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Transactions"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2006.01077.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","volume-title":"Dentistry \u2013 dental root canal sealing materials","author":"ISO Standard 6876","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2009.0559"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-9140(63)80135-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"4.43","volume-title":"Handbook of chemistry and physics","author":"Lide DR","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-011-4228-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","volume-title":"Materiales dentales","author":"Macchi RL","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2010.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2007.01231.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2010.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-011-4442-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200012000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593332708618707"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Mineral trioxide aggregate material use in endodontic treatment: a review of the literature","volume":"4","author":"Roberts HW","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dental Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","first-page":"234","article-title":"Phosphate cement\u2010based fast\u2010setting binders","volume":"69","author":"Sarkar AK","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ceramic Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01130204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-8846(99)00254-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)80271-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","volume-title":"Clinical endodontics: a textbook","author":"Tronstad L","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200402000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2008.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-6041\/3\/4\/044105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.04.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2009.12.010"}],"container-title":["International Endodontic Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fiej.12123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iej.12123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T12:54:33Z","timestamp":1696337673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/iej.12123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,3]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/iej.12123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iej.12123","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-2885","1365-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-2885","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-09-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-04-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-05-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}