{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T03:12:53Z","timestamp":1761621173533},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]],"date-time":"2014-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the effect of p<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>, oxygen levels and ions on tetracycline oxidation and resultant discolouration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Solutions of demeclocycline hydrochloride or doxycycline hyclate were prepared and exposed to different p<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content> conditions, pure oxygen or carbon dioxide, ascorbic acid or various ions (from calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, strontium chloride, magnesium chloride, zinc chloride, and bismuth nitrate). Subsequently, they were exposed to intense visible blue light (470\u00a0\u00b1\u00a015\u00a0nm) for 24\u00a0h. Colour change was monitored using standardized digital photography. Parametric statistical analysis employing the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>ilcoxon matched\u2010pairs signed\u2010rank test was performed to compare the mean change in different colour channels, assessing the discolouration effect of the modified conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An acidic p<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content> reduced discolouration, whilst alkaline p<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content> increased it. A higher oxygen tension resulted in more discolouration, as did the presence of calcium, strontium, and bismuth ions, all of which bind to tetracyclines. Conversely, zinc and magnesium ions had a mild photoprotective effect. Ascorbic acid, an anti\u2010oxidant, reduced the level of discolouration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The tendency of these tetracyclines to undergo photo\u2010oxidation is increased by common variables present in the clinical environment. There are potential benefits from using photoprotectors and anti\u2010oxidants in these materials, to reduce the possibility of discolouration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,2]],"date-time":"2014-06-02T09:51:17Z","timestamp":1401702677000},"page":"373-379","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Factors affecting the rate of oxidation and resultant discolouration of tetracyclines contained in endodontic medicaments and irrigants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Z. Y.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. J.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2012.02071.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-009-0329-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(10)60625-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.12000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"Article ID 4046","article-title":"Discoloration of roots caused by residual endodontic intracanal medicaments","volume":"2014","author":"Chen BK","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Scientific World Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/p29790000369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345850640061701"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2000.00277.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2000.00278.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2012.01141.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2012.02053.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"436","article-title":"Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of [4s, 4as, 5as, 12as]\u20104\u2010(Dimethylamino)\u20101,4,4a,5,5ab,11 12a octahydro 3,6,10,12,12a\u2010pentahydroxy\u20106\u2010methyl\u20101,11 dioxo napthacene carboxamide hydrochloride (Tetracycline hydrochloride) with Bi(V) in HClO4\u2010HCl mixture","volume":"1","author":"Mishra P","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of ChemTech Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(83)90088-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4477.2011.00339.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"A simple method for objective measurement of changes in tooth shade with whitening treatments","volume":"288","author":"Walsh L","year":"2001","journal-title":"ADA News Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20726"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"306","article-title":"Bleaching of nonvital teeth: a clinically relevant literature review","volume":"120","author":"Zimmerli B","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schweizerische Monatsschrift fur Zahnmedizin"}],"container-title":["International Endodontic Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fiej.12323","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iej.12323","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T03:55:02Z","timestamp":1696305302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/iej.12323"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/iej.12323"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iej.12323","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-2885","1365-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-2885","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-04-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-05-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-07-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}