{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T23:30:14Z","timestamp":1782775814353,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]],"date-time":"2015-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ollie and Elof Ericsson's foundation for scientific research"},{"name":"Scandinavian Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (SSAC)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To elucidate the origin of <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic> isolated from secondary root canal infections and the possibility for a foodborne transmission by comparing them to strains recovered from food, blood and stool regarding putative virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility profiles, where strains from common origin were hypothesized to harbour similar characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 108 <jats:italic>E.\u00a0faecalis<\/jats:italic> strains recovered in the county of Stockholm, Sweden, were screened using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> for putative virulence factors <jats:italic>esp<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> cyl<\/jats:italic>A, <jats:italic>gel<\/jats:italic>E\/gelatinase\u2010negative phenotype (<jats:italic>ef<\/jats:italic>1841\/<jats:italic>fsr<\/jats:italic>C), <jats:italic>efa<\/jats:italic>A, <jats:italic>ace<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>asa<\/jats:italic>1. The minimum inhibitory concentration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>) for ampicillin, piperacillin\u2013tazobactam, imipenem, gentamicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and linezolid was determined using the agar dilution method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Next to strains from blood, the food isolates presented the highest average number of virulence determinants and were frequently enriched with <jats:italic>asa<\/jats:italic>1 coding for aggregation substance. None of the endodontic strains carried <jats:italic>cyl<\/jats:italic>A, and the gelatinase\u2010negative phenotype caused by a deletion dominated the group. Altogether, the most prevalent genes were <jats:italic>gel<\/jats:italic>E, <jats:italic>efa<\/jats:italic>A and <jats:italic>ace,<\/jats:italic> and a combination of them was equally present in approximately 80% of the strains from food, stool and root canals in comparison with 43.3% of the blood isolates. High\u2010level resistance to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin was observed in 30% of the blood isolates, whereas the isolates from other origins, with single exceptions, were susceptible to all tested antibiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evidence for a foodborne transmission, explaining the high reported prevalence of <jats:italic>E.\u00a0faecalis<\/jats:italic> in root filled teeth, could not be determined based on the similarities in virulence factor patterns and antibiotic susceptibility. The only linkage between isolates from food and root canals consisted of a shared common combination of the genes <jats:italic>gel<\/jats:italic>E, <jats:italic>efa<\/jats:italic>A and <jats:italic>ace<\/jats:italic>. The high occurrence of putative virulence traits in food isolates questions the safety of <jats:italic>E.\u00a0faecalis<\/jats:italic> in food products.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,6]],"date-time":"2015-05-06T06:32:56Z","timestamp":1430893976000},"page":"343-351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The origin of endodontic <i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i> explored by comparison of virulence factor patterns and antibiotic resistance to that of isolates from stool samples, blood cultures and food"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Vidana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endodontics Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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