{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:26:37Z","timestamp":1784647597619,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,10]],"date-time":"2016-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective, randomized, double\u2010blind study aimed to compare the efficacy of lidocaine with epinephrine versus lidocaine with clonidine for inferior alveolar nerve block (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IANB<\/jats:styled-content>) and hemodynamic stability (heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure) in patients with irreversible pulpitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred patients with irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molar teeth randomly received 1.8 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> of 2% lidocaine with clonidine (15\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) or 1.8 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine (12.5\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup><\/jats:styled-content>), using a conventional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IANB<\/jats:styled-content> technique. Endodontic access cavities were prepared 15\u00a0min after solution deposition, and all patients were required to have profound lip numbness. Success was defined as no or mild pain (visual analog scale recording) upon endodontic access cavity preparation or initial canal instrumentation. The hemodynamic parameters were measured before, during and 5, 10 and 30\u00a0min after administration. Finally, the collected data were subjected to independent <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, chi\u2010square and Fisher's exact test using <jats:sc>spss<\/jats:sc> software ver.20 at a significant level of 0.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The success rates for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IANB<\/jats:styled-content> using lidocaine with epinephrine and lidocaine with clonidine solutions were 29% and 59%, respectively. The clonidine group exhibited a significantly higher success rate (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Five minutes after drug administration, systolic blood pressure and heart rate significantly increased in the lidocaine with epinephrine group and insignificantly decreased in lidocaine with clonidine group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>For mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis, addition of clonidine to lidocaine improved the success rate of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IANB<\/jats:styled-content> compared to a standard lidocaine\/epinephrine solution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,13]],"date-time":"2016-05-13T16:02:02Z","timestamp":1463155322000},"page":"531-539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Anaesthetic efficacy of lidocaine\/clonidine for inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Shadmehr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Torabinejad Research Center Departments of Endodontics Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Aminozarbian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Torabinejad Research Center Departments of Endodontics Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Akhavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Torabinejad Research Center Departments of Endodontics Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Mahdavian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Students Research Center School of Dentistry Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Davoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Students Research Center School of Dentistry Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2011.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270004263995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.69299"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2006.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2004.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2007.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SCS.0000159084.60049.E6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.DON.0000125317.21892.8F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000253548.97479.b8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199205000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199207000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2004.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2344\/0003-3006(2006)53[131:AEOMFI]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200403000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s102660200009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Comparative effects of clonidine and adrenaline with lignocaine during maxillary infiltration anaesthesia for Dental Extraction","volume":"9","author":"Jimson S","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2008.01507.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200303000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(92)90091-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.3.793"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2011.0340"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1996.39817.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2007.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010015\u20101610\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Comparison of pulpal anesthesia and cardiovascular parameters with lidocaine with epinephrine and lidocaine with clonidine after maxillary infiltration in type 2 diabetic volunteers","volume":"22","author":"Milic MS","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Oral Investigations"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-7339(06)80032-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Anesthetic efficacy of a combination of hyaluronidase and lidocaine with epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve blocks","volume":"48","author":"Ridenour S","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesia Progress"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-117X(81)90023-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2014.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2011.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.143119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199409000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2008.09.005"}],"container-title":["International Endodontic Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fiej.12659","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fiej.12659","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iej.12659","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T15:31:38Z","timestamp":1696260698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/iej.12659"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/iej.12659"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iej.12659","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-2885","1365-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-2885","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-09-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-06-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}