{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T04:24:29Z","timestamp":1793075069869,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]],"date-time":"2017-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the antibiotic prescribing patterns of South African dentists for patients undergoing endodontic treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study used data from 2013 health insurance claims submitted by South African oral health professionals to determine the antibiotic prescribing patterns related to endodontic treatment. A logistic regression model was used to test the fully adjusted statistical significance of the association between the exploratory variables (gender, age group, event type, abscess treatment, chronic health) and the dependent variable (antibiotic prescription). Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) are reported, and a 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> excluding 1 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Almost 10% of endodontic treatments were prescribed an antibiotic. There were no significant differences in prescribing patterns by gender, age and chronic health status. Prescriptions were more common at the preparatory stage (9.4%) of root canal treatment compared to the therapy (4.7%) and canal filling (2%) stages. Patients who received apical surgery (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.28; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.38\u20133.76) and treatment of an abscess (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.57; 95% 1.82\u20133.63) had a significantly increased odds of being prescribed an antibiotic. Almost three\u2010quarters of prescriptions were for narrow spectrum antibiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frequency of antibiotic prescribing by South African dental practitioners for patients undergoing endodontic treatment is relatively low and predominantly involved narrow spectrum antibiotics. It, however, remains important that antibiotics are only prescribed when clinically essential, such as when there are obvious systemic effects. These include fever above 37 degrees, malaise, lymphadenopathy, trismus, increase swelling, cellulitis, osteomyelitis and persistent infection. The wider dissemination and adherence to clear evidence\u2010based prescribing guidelines for antibiotics in this clinical area are important.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,17]],"date-time":"2016-12-17T10:51:25Z","timestamp":1481971885000},"page":"1027-1033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Endodontic treatment\u2010related antibiotic prescribing patterns of South African oral health professionals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Lalloo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Solanki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Towers Watson Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Ramphoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry University of Western Cape Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Discipline of Public Health and Medicine University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. G.","family":"Myburgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry University of Western Cape Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"American Association of Endodontists(2006)Antibiotics and the Treatment of Endodontic Infections.Chicago US:American Association of Endodontists."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Council for Medical Schemes(2014)Annual Report of the Council for Medical Schemes 2013\/14.Council of Medical Schemes:Pretoria."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2006.01180.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-8844.164310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200102000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70195-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"ZC82","article-title":"The attitudes of dentists towards the prescription of antibiotics during endodontic treatment in North of Saudi Arabia","volume":"9","author":"Iqbal A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2009.01642.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"Antibiotic prescription for endodontic treatment: general dentist knowledge + practice in Shiraz","volume":"6","author":"Nabavizadeh MR","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iranian Endodontic Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21101\/cejph.a3981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"SASsoftware for Windows Version 9.4.(2013)Cary NC 27513 USA:SAS Institute Inc."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2010.01691.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/denu.2013.40.4.319"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70290-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Antibiotics: A Risky Prescription","author":"Walton RE","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00317-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200205000-00012"}],"container-title":["International Endodontic Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fiej.12731","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iej.12731","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T23:48:31Z","timestamp":1696290511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/iej.12731"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/iej.12731"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iej.12731","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-2885","1365-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-2885","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-07-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-12-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-01-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}