{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T11:03:43Z","timestamp":1782731023192,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,24]],"date-time":"2017-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective study explored survival and periapical healing outcomes in teeth root filled with Thermafil obturators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Root canals of 213 teeth (94 subjects, mean age 48\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013\u00a0years), instrumented with a step\u2010down technique, irrigated with 5% Na<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OC<\/jats:styled-content>l and 10% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDTA<\/jats:styled-content> and filled with Thermafil and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AH<\/jats:styled-content> Plus sealer, were involved in a recall programme. Teeth were retrospectively re\u2010examined after 5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01\u00a0years in a controlled environment. Clinical and radiographic data that were collected included the following: preoperative Periapical Index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAI<\/jats:styled-content>) score and signs\/symptoms, treatment type, root filling length and presence\/absence of voids, restoration type, follow\u2010up <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAI<\/jats:styled-content> score and signs\/symptoms. Teeth were considered \u2018healthy\u2019 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0\u2264\u00a02, no signs\/symptoms) or \u2018diseased\u2019 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0\u2265\u00a03, signs\/symptoms present, retreated, extracted for endodontic reasons). Two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010calibrated examiners assessed outcomes blinded to preoperative status. Bivariate and multilevel analyses were performed at level of patient and tooth (\u03b1\u00a0=\u00a05%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 213 teeth treated, 187 (88%) survived and 26 were extracted, six (3%) for persistent endodontic infection (considered \u2018diseased\u2019), and 20 (9%) for root fracture, periodontal disease or coronal fracture (excluded from analysis). Whilst survival was significantly associated with tooth type (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.015), type of treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.012) and pulpal\/periapical diagnosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.035), none of these variables were substantiated as survival predictors by the multilevel analysis. A total of 164 of 193 teeth (85%) were assessed as \u2018healthy\u2019, with significantly higher (chi\u2010square; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.04) \u2018healthy\u2019 rates for teeth with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAI<\/jats:styled-content> score \u22642 and root fillings of adequate length. Multilevel analysis identified <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAI<\/jats:styled-content> score \u22642 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002) as the only predictor of periapical health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this 5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01\u00a0year retrospective assessment, survival and healing rates after root canal treatment with Thermafil root fillings were comparable to those previously reported for conventional root filling techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,21]],"date-time":"2017-02-21T15:49:18Z","timestamp":1487692158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Survival and periapical health after root canal treatment with carrier\u2010based root fillings: five\u2010year retrospective assessment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0245-3535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Pirani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontic Clinical Section Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) School of Dentistry Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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