{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T20:58:17Z","timestamp":1785877097681,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the pre\u2010sterilization cleaning of rotary Ni\u2010Ti files of different sizes previously used a. <jats:italic>ex\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> and b. clinically by a washer\u2013disinfector, a regular ultrasonic bath, and the same ultrasonic bath in combination with a recently developed cavitation intensifying method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two sets of two hundred rotary Ni\u2010Ti files, one previously used <jats:italic>ex\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> and another one used clinically, were collected from the undergraduate and postgraduate clinics of the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACTA<\/jats:styled-content>). The instruments were immersed in an enzymatic solution and subsequently cleaned either by a washer\u2013disinfector, a regular ultrasonic bath combined with a glass beaker, the same bath combined with a beaker lined with two cavitation intensifying sheets or with two standard plastic sheets. The positive control consisted of used files that did not undergo any cleaning and the negative control included new unused files. The instruments were then stained to reveal remaining protein material and scored under a stereoscopic microscope. The results were analysed by nonparametric statistical tests (\u03b1\u00a0=\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No significant difference was found between the combination of the ultrasonic bath and the regular glass beaker and the same ultrasonic bath with the beaker lined with the cavitation intensifying sheets. The washer\u2013disinfector left significantly more debris compared to the latter group when clinically used files were evaluated (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u2264<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). The effect of instrument size on cleaning was not consistent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>None of the tested methods was able to remove all residual protein material from the files; however, it could be noted that this study did not follow the reprocessing protocol provided by the manufacturer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,12]],"date-time":"2017-10-12T15:06:37Z","timestamp":1507820797000},"page":"457-468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cleaning of used rotary nickel\u2010titanium files in an ultrasonic bath by locally intensified acoustic cavitation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"L. 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