{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T04:35:32Z","timestamp":1769834132690,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]],"date-time":"2018-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Endodontic J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the association between the presence of selected bacterial species\/groups in the apical root canal and expression of mediators of soft and bone tissue destruction in apical periodontitis lesions. Relationships between bacteria and some other features of apical periodontitis were also investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventeen freshly extracted teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis were included. The apical root segment was sectioned and cryopulverized; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> was extracted and evaluated for the presence of 9 bacterial species\/groups using real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction. Lesions were processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses, which targeted matrix metalloproteinase\u20102 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102) and \u20109 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109), receptor activator of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u03baB (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANK<\/jats:styled-content>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANK<\/jats:styled-content> ligand (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANKL<\/jats:styled-content>) and osteoprotegerin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OPG<\/jats:styled-content>). Associations of the target bacteria with expression of these mediators, presence of symptoms, lesion size and histopathological diagnosis were evaluated. Data were analysed using the chi\u2010square, Fisher's exact, Mann\u2013Whitney and Pearson tests. <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> values lower than 0.05 were considered significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All pulverized apical root samples were positive for bacteria. The most prevalent taxa were Actinobacteria (53%), <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> species (35%), <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic> species and <jats:italic>Parvimonas micra<\/jats:italic> (18%). The target mediators exhibited a high mean expression in the lesions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102: 82%; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109: 73%; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANK<\/jats:styled-content>: 78%; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANKL<\/jats:styled-content>; 81%; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OPG<\/jats:styled-content>; 83%). Mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANKL<\/jats:styled-content>:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OPG<\/jats:styled-content> ratio was significantly higher in granulomas than cysts (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05, Mann\u2013Whitney test). Actinobacteria were associated with granulomas, higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 expression, lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OPG<\/jats:styled-content> expression, and higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANKL<\/jats:styled-content>:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OPG<\/jats:styled-content> ratio (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 for all, Fisher's exact test or Mann\u2013Whitney test). No other significant associations were found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Actinobacteria may play an important role in the active phase of soft and bone tissue destruction in apical periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T07:42:38Z","timestamp":1516779758000},"page":"738-746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Association between bacteria occurring in the apical canal system and expression of bone\u2010resorbing mediators and matrix metalloproteinases in apical periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"suffix":"Jr","given":"A.","family":"Takahama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Pediatric Dentistry State University of Londrina Londrina PR Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. N.","family":"R\u00f4\u00e7as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics Faculty of Dentistry Est\u00e1cio de S\u00e1 University Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. S. P.","family":"Faustino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology Nova Friburgo Health Institute Federal Fluminense University Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9922-8202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. R. F.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics Faculty of Dentistry Est\u00e1cio de S\u00e1 University Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. S.","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology Nova Friburgo Health Institute Federal Fluminense University Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. C.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics Nova Friburgo Health Institute Federal Fluminense University Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. R.","family":"Ara\u00fajo\u2010Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics Nova Friburgo Health Institute Federal Fluminense University Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"J. 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